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Psych 1200 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The accumulation of a person’s thoughts, perceptions, experience, and self-awareness.

A

What is Consciousness?

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2
Q

A series of bodily functions regulated by an internal clock.

A

What are Biological Rhythms?

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3
Q

A biological rhythm that cycles for a period longer than 24 hours.

A

What is an Infradian Rhythm?

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4
Q

A biological rhythm that encompasses an entire year, a “yearly” cycle.

A

What is a Circannual Rhythm?

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5
Q

A biological rhythm that takes place under 24 hours.

A

What is an Ultradian Ryhthm?

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6
Q

A biological rhythm that operates on a constant 24 hour clock, responsible for regulating physiological and behavioural processes.

A

What is a Circadian Rhythm?

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7
Q

A part of the hypothalamus that takes light level information and sends signals to the pineal gland to release melatonin.

A

What is the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus? (SCN)

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8
Q

An individual’s adaptation with chrono-biological, physical, and behavioural relationship with their environment.

A

What is Entrainment?

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9
Q

A biological rhythm which is not affected by external cues or environmental circumstances.

A

What are Endogenous Rhythms?

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10
Q

An individual’s preference for sleeping within a 24 hour period. As age increase, amount of sleep decreases, as they have a negative correlation.

A

What is a Chronotype?

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11
Q

A set of objective measurements to examine physiological changes during sleep.

A

What is a Polysomnography Test?

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12
Q

A device using sensors on the scalp to measure brain activity through a heatmap.

A

What is an Electroencephalogram? (EEG)

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13
Q

Brain waves signifying wakefulness due to their erratic nature.

A

What are Beta Waves?

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14
Q

Brain waves detected while day-dreaming, occur right before sleep.

A

What are Alpha Waves?

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15
Q

Brain waves that occur as breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate decrease. Also of note, these brain waves can still be affected by external stimuli and return to higher frequency stages.

A

What are Theta Waves?

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16
Q

Sleep stage characterised by quickening brain waves, inhibited body movement, and rapid eye movement.

A

What is Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep?

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17
Q

This sleep hypothesis states that sleep helps to restore energy and repair cellular wear and tear from the day’s activities.

A

What is the Restore-Repair Sleep Hypothesis?

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18
Q

This sleep hypothesis states that sleep helps with preserving energy and occurs at periods of the day where an organism is least likely to be attacked.

A

What is the Preserve-Protect Sleep Hypothesis?

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19
Q

This disorder occurs when an individual cannot or refuses to sleep consistently.

A

What is Sleep Deprivation?

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20
Q

What are some impairments one would face if they were sleep deprived?

A

Difficulty multitasking, trouble focusing for consistent periods of time, poor risk assessment.

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21
Q

This detriment occurs when one cannot sleep at their regular time dictated by their circadian rhythm.

A

What is Sleep Displacement?

22
Q

This event occurs when you travel somewhere in a different time zone and have not adjusted to the new daytime cycle.

A

What is Jet Lag?

23
Q

This branch of psychology deals with dreams as forms of wish fulfilment, where an individual reenacts primal urges.

A

What is Psychoanalytics?

24
Q

The images and stories we dream about, or what the dreams feature at a surface level.

A

What is Manifest Content?

25
Q

The symbolic meaning behind the dream, mostly described through violent or sexual urges.

A

What is Latent Content?

26
Q

The recording and follow-up interpretation of our dreams popularised by Freud to bring hidden urges to the forefront of our dreams.

A

What is Dream Work?

27
Q

What are some reasons Freud’s Dream Theory isn’t well respected?

A

Little scientific backing to his claims, dreams cannot be falsified/proven wrong, dreams cannot be objectively measured by any known instruments.

28
Q

This theory claims dreams arise from excitatory activity from the pons to induce eye movement and activity in the occipital and temporal lobes

A

What is Activation-Synthesis Theory?

29
Q

What also occurs during Activation-Synthesis?

A

The brainstem activates brain activity, and the cortex synthesises the activity into organised, coherent activity.

30
Q

This theory, also known as the Cognitive Dream Theory, believes that dreams are used to solve and understand problems that arise during periods of wakefulness.

A

What is Problem-Solving Theory?

31
Q

This event occurs when our REM Sleep is interrupted or cut short prematurely, as the body will prioritise REM Sleep at the next earliest possibility.

A

What is REM Rebound?

32
Q

A sleep disorder characterised by months of sleep deprivation to extreme levels.

A

What is Insomnia?

33
Q

What are some other forms of Insomnia?

A

Onset, trouble falling asleep in the first 30 minutes. Maintenance, trouble returning to sleep after being woken up. Terminal, trouble with waking up too early and unable to return to sleep.

34
Q

These dreams are particularly disturbing and occur during REM Sleep. These dreams are correlated positively with anxiety, negative emotions, and occur more generally within the female population.

A

What are Nightmares?

35
Q

These nightmares include intense bouts of panic and distress in an individual, usually resulting in displaced sleep and a heightened emotional state.

A

What are Night Terrors?

36
Q

This disorder occurs when an individual’s movements are not inhibited, and the individual re-enacts their dream content while unconscious.

A

What is REM Behaviour Disorder/ Sleepwalking?

37
Q

Occurs when an individual temporarily cannot breathe while asleep, resulting in widening nostrils, mouth breathing, and snoring.

A

What is Sleep Apnea?

38
Q

This sleep disorder causes an individual to experience intense daytime drowsiness and impaired motor function.

A

What is Narcolepsy?

39
Q

A procedure of inducing heightened states of suggestibility.

A

What is Hypnosis?

40
Q

What are some forms of Hypnosis?

A

Ideometer, in which specific actions are performed. Challenge, where an individual’s actions are inhibited. Cognitive-Perceptual, remembering false information or failing to recall information.

41
Q

A theory of hypnosis that the state of suggestion is a unique state of consciousness divided in two, a lower level for perception and an upper level for executive processing.

A

What is Dissociation Theory?

42
Q

What is a general rule of thumb for executive processing?

A

As skill increases at a task, you will need less executive processing to perform the skill and it will become more automatic as a response.

43
Q

This theory of hypnosis states that one’s beliefs and expectations contribute to the heightened state of suggestibility.

A

What is Social Cognitive Theory?

44
Q

This neurotransmitter is the most affected by drug intake.

A

What is Dopamine?

45
Q

What are 3 important facts about drugs that can change the experience?

A

Where the drug is taken (affects metabolism of drug), preconceptions and expectations of the drug’s effect, and past experiences with the drug.

46
Q

Neurotransmitter receptors will move further apart to avoid further stimulation in this process.

A

What is Down-Regulation?

47
Q

When a drug leaves you with physical and psychological effects when you are not under it’s influence, you are experiencing this biological effect.

A

What is Withdrawal Symptoms?

48
Q

What can happen to your nervous system while taking drugs?

A

Your nervous system can speed up, slow down, or by interfering with the neuron signals from external cues.

49
Q

Substances that affect thinking, behaviour, perceptions, and emotions.

A

What are Psychedelics/Psychoactive Drugs?

50
Q

Substances that speed up the nervous system, with crystal meth as an example.

A

What are Stimulants?

Psych 1200 (6 decks)

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