Chapter 2

Question 1

What are the 5 ways we have knowing of the world?

Answer 1

Personal experience

Tradition

Authority

Religion

Science

Question 2

what does it mean when science is empirical

Answer 2

it is based gained by systematic observations

Question 3

science must be shared and follow steps what would this be called

Answer 3

systematic and public

Question 4

define hypothesis

Answer 4

tentative statements of the relationships between two or more concepts or variables

Question 5

science must be

correlative
subjective
objective
conservative

Answer 5

objective

Question 6

what is the difference between descriptive and explanatory studies?

Answer 6

descriptive is fact based and used to describe a group while explanatory is based on trying to explain why certain event occur or do not occur.

Question 7

what is the difference between deductive and inductive approach

Answer 7

deductive begins with a theory and then uses research to test the theory while inductive collects data then generates theories based on the analyzed results

Question 8

what are the steps for the quantitive research model

1.formulate hypothesis
2.review previous research
3. collect and analyze the data
4. select and define the research problem
5. develop the research design

Answer 8

4, 2,1,5,3

Question 9

______ are the abstract element representing som aspect of the world in simplified form

independent variables
operational definitions
concepts
hypothesis

Answer 9

concepts

Question 10

what does the textbook mean when it talks about reliability and validity when analyzing data?

Answer 10

the result must be consistent and the extent to which a research instrument accurately measure what it’s supposed to be measuring

Question 10

what does the textbook mean when it talks about reliability and validity when analyzing data?

Answer 10

the result must be consistent and the extent to which a research instrument accurately measures what it’s supposed to be measuring

CONSITENT AND ACCURATE

Question 11

why is it important for scientist to accuratley report and document their finding in terms of replication

Answer 11

so the experiment can be conducted accurately to the first experiment and perfectly mirror it

Question 12

if a research question cannot easily be answered by numbers and statical methods which research model would be appropriate qualitative or quantitative

Answer 12

qualitative

Question 13

In what order does the qualitative model work?

Answer 13

1.General plan (not extensive)
2. Look at literature and theory application
3.study yields details using few cases many variables

Question 14

a specific strategies or technique for conducting research would be defined as

observational research
research methods
conductive research
deductive instruments

Answer 14

research methods

Question 15

Name the types of researchs

Answer 15

Experiment
Surveys
secondary analysis of existing data
feminist research methods
critical research strategies

Question 16

define experiments

Answer 16

designed situation where researcher study impact of certain variables on subjects’ attitudes or behaviors. There is an experimental group and control group

Question 17

what is the order for experiments

Answer 17

1. ALL subjects pretested in terms of dependent variable to make sure equal
2. subject in experimental group presented stimulus (IV)
3. experimental group post tested for dependent variable

Question 18

strengths when it comes to experiments

Answer 18

1. research has control and able to identify IV
2. replication is possible to increase accuracy

Question 19

weakness when it comes to experiments

Answer 19

Hawthorne effect

inaccuracy when applied to larger population

small number of variables can be manipulated

Question 20

whats a survey and respondent

Answer 20

questions asked to public and people who answer questions

Question 21

S and W for Self administered questionaries

Answer 21

simple and inexpensive

respondent anonymous

problem:low response late, small scope

Question 22

S and W with computer assisted survey

Answer 22

cost efficent

anonymity less there and voice mail

Question 23

interview S and W

Answer 23

great for complicated issure

face to face

high cost and time consuming

Question 24

representative sample vs random sample

Answer 24

nonrandom sample chosen because they have essential characteristics of population while random is by chance randomly

Question 25

what was the response rate for the Canada survey of giving?

Answer 25

56 percent

Question 26

survey strengths

Answer 26

Describe large population able to assess numerous variable

Question 27

survey weaknesses

Answer 27

too standard force in boxes less honest less willing on sensitive issue low response rate

Question 28

defin field research

Answer 28

study of social life in natural settign whre people work play and live

Question 29

complete observation vs participant observation

Answer 29

observes a social process but doesn't take part vs participates in life of people while collecting info

Question 30

what event allowed for kamal kapadia to do field research

Answer 30

2004 sri lanka tsunami

Question 31

define unstructured interview

Answer 31

extended open ended interaction between interviewer and interviewee

Question 32

________ was developed to describe an inductive method of theory construction where the researcher simultaneously collects and a analyzes data

Answer 32

ground theory

Question 33

Strengths Field research

Answer 33

inside perspective understand behaviors and attitudes detailed info for theories richness in special wa

Question 34

field research weakness

Answer 34

large period of times, away from , and work not generalized for larger population descriptive no measurement available

Question 35

secondary analysis uses existing material and analyzes data collected by someone else why is this a good method

Answer 35

its unobtrusive source: data banks, books, magazine, newspaper ect

Question 36

Secondary Strength

Answer 36

inexpensive bias reduced longitudinal data

Question 37

Secondary Weaknesses

Answer 37

may be incomplete or inaccurate may not reflect variable of interest to research.

Question 38

Why is triangulation so important

Answer 38

each method has its own S and W so its best to combine method for best results

Question 39

why is feminist research methods so important

Answer 39

research common to be andocentric sexist language and concepts biased towards men does not represent both genders ideollogy equally

Question 40

How are feminist research method different

Answer 40

1. Woman centered 2. Improve situations for women and give voices 3. research is important to process rather than objective

Question 41

what is the critical research strategie all about

Answer 41

neutrality of the scientific approach for researchers in dominant power helps maintain injustices

Question 42

Researchers place themselves on the side of the marginalized and critique structures that marginalize them radical subversive oppositional

Answer 42

oppositional

Question 43

researcher explores roots of dominance and interconnection for example capitalism radical subversive oppositional

Answer 43

radical

Question 44

researchers question assumption to open door to alternative understanding of social world. radical subversive oppositional

Answer 44

subversive

Question 45

what is institution ethnography

Answer 45

lived experience of marginalized people that is centered around research process.

Question 46

what are some ethical standards for sociologist

Answer 46

participation voluntary no harm to participant respect confidentiality and anonymity

Question 47

describe humprhey research

Answer 47

homosexual acts between stranger in tearoom didnt get participant consent didnt identify himself as a researcher recorded license plates and address

Question 48

The magnotta case

Answer 48

Luka Magnotta accused of murder U of O proff interview Magnotta for research on sex worked. prosecutors wanted data from said interview was denied because it wasn't important to case and confidentiality

Question 49

The Ogden case

Answer 49

Russel Ogden research assisted suicide and euthanasia which was illegal in Canada at the time subpoenaed to give evidence for an investigation denied doing so because of privacy concerns and confidentiality so charges were dropped