CHAPTER 2

Question 1

the hard fibrous material that forms the main substance of the
trunk or branches of a tree or shrub, used for fuel or timber

Answer 1

WOOD

Question 2

simplest plants; mostly unicellular;
reproduce through cell
division; includes bacteria,
algae and fungi

Answer 2

THALLOPHTYES

Question 3

represented by mosses and
liverworts. This group has
chlorophyll but structure is
of primitive type.

Answer 3

BRYOPHYTES

Question 4

stems, roots and leaves possess
vascular tissues but are small
and short-lived, although many
are considered perennials.
Reproduction involves spore
formation.

Answer 4

PTERIDOPHYTES

Question 5

the seed-producing plants which consists of two major groups

Answer 5

SPERMATOPHYTES

Question 6

cone-bearing; seeds are naked and leaves are mostly needle-like or acicular if not subulate

Answer 6

GYMNOSPERM

Question 7

woody plants in the tropics resembling tree ferns and
palms; e.g., oliva and pitogo

Answer 7

CYCADALES

Question 8

monotype, restricted to a single species Gingko
biloba of China and Japan

Answer 8

GINKOALES

Question 9

regarded as the most recent Order of the Gymnosperms in the phylogenetic sequence.

Answer 9

GNETALES

Question 10

3 FAMILY OF GNETALES

Answer 10

WELWITSCHIACEAE
GNETACEAE
EPHEDRACEAE

Question 11

the only Order of the Gymnosperms capable of producing timber in commercial scale

Answer 11

CONIFERALES

Question 12

flowering plants; seed enclosed in an ovary and most are broad-leaved;

Answer 12

ANGIOSPERM

Question 13

with single seed leaf and scattered vascular bundles;
e.g., coconut

Answer 13

MONOCOTS

Question 14

two seed leaves with vascular tissues arranged in a ring
form and also characterized by the presence of pith at the center
of stem;

Answer 14

DICOT

Question 15

the vegetative parts of the plant, such as the leaves and the stems; and the reproductive parts of the plant,
which include flowers and fruits

Answer 15

SHOOT SYSTEM

Question 16

supports the plants and absorbs water and minerals

Answer 16

ROOT SYSTEM

Question 17

extensions of
root epidermal cells, increase
the surface area of the root,
greatly contributing to the
absorption of water and
minerals.

Answer 17

ROOT HAIRS

Question 18

covers
and protects; controls gas
exchange and water
absorption

• covered by a waxy cuticle
  that prevents evaporative
  water loss

Answer 18

DERMAL TISSUE

Question 19

carries out
different functions based on
the cell type and location in the
plant

Answer 19

GROUND TISSUE

Question 20

photosynthesis in
the leaves, and storage in the
roots

Answer 20

PARENCHYMA

Question 21

shoot support
in areas of active growth

Answer 21

COLLENCHYMA

Question 22

shoot support in areas where growth has ceased

Answer 22

SCLERENCHYMA

Question 23

• strand of
  primary tissues found within the
  stem of a plant and consisting of
  xylem and phloem, along with
  cambium

Answer 23

VASCULAR CAMBIUM

Question 24

tiny leaves, stems and flowers located in a small case at the base of each leaf.

Answer 24

BUDS

Question 25

They produce new growth and absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

Answer 25

ROOTS

Question 26

A root that grows straight down

Answer 26

Taproot

Question 27

Roots that branch out

Answer 27

Lateral roots

Question 28

They provide anchorage support for the tree.

Answer 28

ROOTS

Question 29

one of the determining factors in what vegetation is present in an area.

Answer 29

SOIL

Question 30

___________ of soil or an __________ of water is usually harmful to tree growth.

Answer 30

Compaction of soil and abundance in water

Question 31

It protects the inner wood layers from injuries, pests and disease.

Answer 31

OUTER BARK

Question 32

It is hidden beneath the bark of the tree

Answer 32

WOOD LAYERS

Question 33

carries synthesized food from the leaves to the cambium layer and other growing portions of the tree.

Answer 33

Phloem or inner bark

Question 34

It is microscopic and actively builds the cells that make more wood and bark.

Answer 34

Cambium layer

Question 35

It transports sap or water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves.

Answer 35

Xylem or sapwood

Question 36

conception (_____), to birth (_____), to infancy (_______), to juvenile (________), to adult (________), to elderly (_______), and finally to death (_______/_____).

Answer 36

Seed, sprout, seedling, sapling, mature, decline, snag/rotting log

Question 37

External conditions favorable for the tree

Answer 37

adequate space water nutrients sunlight for individual species

Question 38

At this point, the tree’s survival is determined more by external stresses rather than the tree’s vigor.

Answer 38

Decline

Question 39

growth from the root and shoot tips resulting in increases in height and length

Answer 39

Primary growth

Question 40

growth that increases the thickness of stems and branches is called secondary growth.

Answer 40

Secondary growth

Question 41

according to physics, capillary action is influenced by _______ ________

Answer 41

Pore diameter and surface tension

Question 42

the maximum column height of trees

Answer 42

116m (380 ft)

Question 43

a solution containing various sugars and water as well as growth regulators (hormones) and other substances.

Answer 43

Sap

Question 44

the mineral‐rich water that is taken up by roots and moved upward through the outer portion of the xylem.

Answer 44

Sap

Question 45

function in storing carbohydrates and may serve as avenues of horizontal transport for stored materials from near the center of the tree outward following periods of dormancy.

Answer 45

Rays

Question 46

The cells that compose wood are formed in the _______ ______

Answer 46

Vascular cambium

Question 47

Growth is __________ when the terminal bud produces new leaves and stem, but maintains a growing point at the tip.

Answer 47

Monopodial

Question 48

Basic processes in tree growth

Answer 48

Production of wood and bark Development of young stem Vascular cambium Development and growth of xylem phloem Expansion of the cambial layer

Question 49

As a tree expands in diameter, the cambium is pushed progressively ________.

Answer 49

outward

Question 50

What is the most important in the growth of the cambium?

Answer 50

Anticlinal division of fusiform initials

Question 51

long, slender cells that divide repeatedly to form new cambial initials or new xylem and phloem.

Answer 51

Fusiform initials

Question 52

Production of new initials by radial partitioning is termed as _______ _______

Answer 52

anticlinal division