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Wood Identification > CHAPTER 2 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the hard fibrous material that forms the main substance of the
trunk or branches of a tree or shrub, used for fuel or timber

A

WOOD

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2
Q

simplest plants; mostly unicellular;
reproduce through cell
division; includes bacteria,
algae and fungi

A

THALLOPHTYES

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3
Q

represented by mosses and
liverworts. This group has
chlorophyll but structure is
of primitive type.

A

BRYOPHYTES

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4
Q

stems, roots and leaves possess
vascular tissues but are small
and short-lived, although many
are considered perennials.
Reproduction involves spore
formation.

A

PTERIDOPHYTES

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5
Q

the seed-producing plants which consists of two major groups

A

SPERMATOPHYTES

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6
Q

cone-bearing; seeds are naked and leaves are mostly needle-like or acicular if not subulate

A

GYMNOSPERM

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7
Q
A
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7
Q

woody plants in the tropics resembling tree ferns and
palms; e.g., oliva and pitogo

A

CYCADALES

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8
Q

monotype, restricted to a single species Gingko
biloba of China and Japan

A

GINKOALES

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9
Q

regarded as the most recent Order of the Gymnosperms in the phylogenetic sequence.

A

GNETALES

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10
Q

3 FAMILY OF GNETALES

A

WELWITSCHIACEAE
GNETACEAE
EPHEDRACEAE

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11
Q

the only Order of the Gymnosperms capable of producing timber in commercial scale

A

CONIFERALES

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12
Q

flowering plants; seed enclosed in an ovary and most are broad-leaved;

A

ANGIOSPERM

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13
Q

with single seed leaf and scattered vascular bundles;
e.g., coconut

A

MONOCOTS

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14
Q

two seed leaves with vascular tissues arranged in a ring
form and also characterized by the presence of pith at the center
of stem;

A

DICOT

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15
Q

the vegetative parts of the plant, such as the leaves and the stems; and the reproductive parts of the plant,
which include flowers and fruits

A

SHOOT SYSTEM

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16
Q

supports the plants and absorbs water and minerals

A

ROOT SYSTEM

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17
Q

extensions of
root epidermal cells, increase
the surface area of the root,
greatly contributing to the
absorption of water and
minerals.

A

ROOT HAIRS

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18
Q

covers
and protects; controls gas
exchange and water
absorption

  • covered by a waxy cuticle
    that prevents evaporative
    water loss
A

DERMAL TISSUE

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19
Q

carries out
different functions based on
the cell type and location in the
plant

A

GROUND TISSUE

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20
Q

photosynthesis in
the leaves, and storage in the
roots

A

PARENCHYMA

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21
Q

shoot support
in areas of active growth

A

COLLENCHYMA

22
Q

shoot support in areas where growth has ceased

A

SCLERENCHYMA

23
Q
  • strand of
    primary tissues found within the
    stem of a plant and consisting of
    xylem and phloem, along with
    cambium
A

VASCULAR CAMBIUM

24
Q

tiny leaves, stems and flowers located in a small case at the base of each leaf.

A

BUDS

25
Q

They produce new growth and absorb water and nutrients
from the soil.

A

ROOTS

26
Q

A root that grows straight down

A

Taproot

27
Q

Roots that branch out

A

Lateral roots

28
Q

They provide anchorage
support for the tree.

A

ROOTS

29
Q

one of the determining factors in what vegetation is present in an area.

A

SOIL

30
Q

___________ of soil or an __________ of
water is usually harmful to tree growth.

A

Compaction of soil and abundance in water

31
Q

It protects the inner wood layers from
injuries, pests and disease.

A

OUTER BARK

32
Q

It is hidden beneath the bark of the tree

A

WOOD LAYERS

33
Q

carries synthesized food from the leaves to the cambium layer and other growing portions of the tree.

A

Phloem or inner bark

34
Q

It is microscopic and actively builds
the cells that make more wood and bark.

A

Cambium layer

35
Q

It transports sap or water and nutrients from the
roots to the leaves.

A

Xylem or sapwood

36
Q

conception (_____), to birth (_____), to infancy (_______), to juvenile (________), to adult (________), to elderly (_______), and finally to death (_______/_____).

A

Seed, sprout, seedling, sapling, mature, decline, snag/rotting log

37
Q

External conditions favorable for the tree

A

adequate space
water
nutrients
sunlight for individual species

38
Q

At this point, the tree’s survival is determined more by external stresses rather than the tree’s vigor.

A

Decline

39
Q

growth from the root and shoot tips resulting in increases in height and
length

A

Primary growth

40
Q

growth that increases the thickness of stems and branches is called
secondary growth.

A

Secondary growth

41
Q

according to physics, capillary action is influenced by _______ ________

A

Pore diameter and surface tension

42
Q

the maximum column height of trees

A

116m (380 ft)

43
Q

a solution containing various sugars and water as well as growth regulators (hormones) and other substances.

A

Sap

44
Q

the mineral‐rich water that is taken up by roots and moved upward through the outer portion of the
xylem.

A

Sap

45
Q

function in storing carbohydrates and may serve as avenues of horizontal transport for stored materials from near the center of the tree outward following periods of dormancy.

A

Rays

46
Q

The cells that compose wood are formed in the _______ ______

A

Vascular cambium

47
Q

Growth is __________ when the terminal bud produces new leaves and stem, but maintains a growing point at the tip.

A

Monopodial

48
Q

Basic processes in tree growth

A

Production of wood and bark
Development of young stem
Vascular cambium
Development and growth of xylem phloem
Expansion of the cambial layer

49
Q

As a tree expands in diameter, the cambium is pushed progressively ________.

A

outward

50
Q

What is the most important in the growth of the cambium?

A

Anticlinal division of fusiform initials

51
Q

long, slender cells that divide repeatedly to form new cambial initials or new xylem and phloem.

A

Fusiform initials

52
Q

Production of new initials by radial partitioning is termed as _______ _______

A

anticlinal division

Wood Identification (8 decks)

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