Chapter 2 Flashcards by ashley loftice

abdominal cavity

contains major organs of digestion

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adenocarcinoma

malignant tumor that originates in the glands but may spread to other organs

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adenoma

benign tumor that starts in epithelial tissue of a gland

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anaplasia

change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other

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anatomy

study of the structures of the body

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anomaly

deviation from what is regarded as normal

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front plane

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aplasia

defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

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atresia

congenital absence or narrowing of a normal body opening or passage (

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autopsy

postmortem examination

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bloodborne transmission

spread of pathogens through infected blood or other body fluids, must enter the blood stream to pass infection

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caudal

toward the lower part of the body

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cephalic

toward the head

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chromosome

genetic structure located within nucleus of each cell

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communicable disease

any condition transmitted form one person to another either directly or by indirect contact

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congenital disorder

abnormal condition that exists at time of birth

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cytoplasm

material within cell membrane that is NOT part of the nucleus

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distal

farthest from midline;

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dorsal

back plane also called posterior

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dysplasia

abnormal development or growth of cells

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endemic

ongoing presence of disease within a population, group, area (common cold)

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endocrine gland

produce hormones; do not have ducts, hormones secreted directly into bloodstream

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epidemic

sudden widespread outbreak of disease within a specific population, group, area (whooping cough)

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epigastric region

above the stomach

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etiology

studu of causes of diseases or abnormal conditions

exocrine glands

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body (salivary, mammary, sweat glands)

functional disorder

produces physical symptoms for which no disease or other organic cause can be identified

genetic disorder

"hereditary disease" pathological condition caused by absent or defective gene

geriatrician

physician who specializes in the care of older people

hemophilia

hereditary bleeding disorder in which blood-clotting factor is missing

histology

microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues (epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve)

homeostasis

processess through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

hyperplasia

increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

hypertrophy

general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ due to increased size of the cells

hypogastric region

below the stomach

hypoplasia

decrease in number of cells in a tissue or organ

iatrogenic illness

unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment (severe burns from radiation treatment)

idiopathic disease

any disease without known cause

infectious disease

illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

inguinal

relating to the groin (crease at junction of trunk and upper thigh)

medial

direction toward or nearest the midline

mesentery

fused double layer of parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of intestine to interior abdominal wall

midsagittal plane

imaginary line, divides body into Right and Left halves

nosocomial infection

hospital aquired infection (HAI) (MRSA)

pandemic

outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly world wide (HIV and Covid)

pathology

study of disease

pelvic cavity

space formed by hip bones, contains reproductive organs and excretory systems

peritoneum

multilayered membrane protects and holds organs in place withing abdominal cavity

peritonitis

inflammation of peritoneum

physiology

study of the functions of the structures of the body

posterior

back plane also called dorsal

proximal

nearest midline

retroperitoneal

located behind the peritoneum

stem cells

unspecialized cells able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

syndrome

set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process

thoracic cavity

"chest cavity" "thorax" surrounds and protects heart and lungs

transverse plane

imaginary line divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) halves

umbilicus

"belly button" "navel"

vector-borne transmission

spread of disease through blood sucking vectors (insect bites)

ventral

front plane "belly side"

aden/o

gland

adip/o

fat

anter/o

before, front

caud/o

lower part of body, tail

cephal/o

head

cyt/o; -cyte

cell

end-; endo-

in, within, inside

exo-

out of; outside; away from

hist/o

tissue

-ologist

specialist

-ology

the science/study of

path/o; -pathy

disease; suffering; feeling; emotion

plas/i; plas/o; -plasia

development; growth; formation

poster/o

behind, toward the back

-stasis; -static

control, maintenance of a constant level

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(75 cards)