Chapter 4 Flashcards

(75 cards)

1
Q

abduction

A

movement of a limb AWAY from midline of the body

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2
Q

adduction

A

movement of a limb TOWARD midline of the body

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3
Q

adhesion

A

band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

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4
Q

ataxia

A

the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

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5
Q

atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

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6
Q

atrophy

A

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures

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7
Q

bradykinesia

A

extreme slowness in movement

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8
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

swelling that creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel

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9
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems

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10
Q

circumduction

A

circular motion at the far end of a limb

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11
Q

compartment syndrome

A

the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles

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12
Q

contracture

A

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues

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13
Q

dorsiflexion

A

movement that bends the foot UPWARD at the ankle

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14
Q

dyskinesia

A

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement

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15
Q

dystonia

A

movement disorder characterized by involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles

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16
Q

electromyography

A

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

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17
Q

epicondylitis

A

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

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18
Q

ergonomics

A

the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

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19
Q

exercise physiologist

A

specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness

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20
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of a fascia

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21
Q

fibromyalgia

A

debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain

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22
Q

ganglion cyst

A

a benign fluid-filled lump that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

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23
Q

heel spur

A

calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel

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24
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body

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25
hemiplegia
total paralysis affecting only one side of the body
26
hernia
tissue such as part of an internal organ protrudes through a weak area in the muscle normally containing it
27
hyperkinesia
abnormally increased muscle function or activity
28
hypotonia
a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
29
impingement syndrome
inflammation of tendons that get caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint
30
innervation
stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve
31
insertion
where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon
32
intermittent claudication
pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
33
muscular dystrophy
a gradually progressive condition in which the macula at the center of the retina is damaged, resulting in the loss of central vision
34
myasthenia gravis
a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces weakness of voluntary muscles
35
myoclonus
the quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
36
myofascial release
a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such is fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome
37
myoparesis
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
38
myorrhaphy
surgical suturing of a muscle
39
neuromuscular
pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle
40
oblique
slanted or at an angle
41
origin
where the muscle begins, located nearest midline or on less movable part of skeleton
42
paralysis
the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply
43
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
44
physiatrist
physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring funtion
45
plantar fasciitis
inflammation of the plantar fascia causing foot or heel pain when walking or running
46
polymyositis
muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
47
pronation
act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward
48
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities
49
sarcopenia
loss of muscle mass strength and function that come with aging
50
shin splint
pain caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia
51
singultus
myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm
52
sphincter
ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
53
sprain
an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament
54
tendinopathy
general term for irritation or degeneration of a tendon in any joint
55
tenodesis
surgical suturing of the end of a tendon or bone
56
tenolysis
the release of a tendon from adhesions
57
tenosynovitis
inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon
58
tenotomy
surgical cutting of a tendon to provide release or allow lengthening
59
torticollis
a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
60
transverse
in a crosswise direction
61
bi-
twice, double, two
62
clon/o
violent action
63
dys-
bad, difficult, painful
64
fasci/o
fascia, fibrous band
65
fibr/o
fibrous tissue, fiber
66
-ia
abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium
67
-ic
pertaining to
68
kines/o; kines/i
movement
69
-lysis
to set free, break down
70
my/o
muscle
71
-plegia
paralysis, stroke
72
tax/o
coordination
73
ten/o; tend/o; tendin/o
tendon, stretch out, extend, strain
74
ton/o
tone, stretching, tension
75
tri-
three