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Medical Terminology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

acetabulum

A

hip socket; large circular cavity each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur

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2
Q

allogenic

A

originating within another

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3
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

arthritis primarily causes inflammation of the joints between vertebrae

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4
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical ankylosis; surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen joint

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5
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of internal structure of a joint

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6
Q

autologous

A

originating within an individual

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7
Q

avascular necrosis

A

area of bone tissue death due to insufficient blood flow, often to the hip

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8
Q

bone marrow transplant

A

stem cell transplant used to treat certain types of cancers such as leukemia and lymphomas

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9
Q

callus

A

bulging deposit around area of the break

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10
Q

chondromalacia

A

abnormal softening of cartilage

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11
Q

comminuted fracture

A

splintered or crushed

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12
Q

compression fracture

A

when bone is pressed together on itself; sometimes caused by spontaneous collapse of weakened vertebrae or injury

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13
Q

costochondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

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14
Q

crepitation

A

grating sound heard when ends of a broken bone move together

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15
Q

duel x-ray absorptiometry

A

low exposure radiographic measurements of the spine and hips to measure bone density

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16
Q

fat embolus

A

can form when a long bone is fractured due to accident or surgery

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17
Q

gout

A

type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints, often the big toe. Joint affected typically hot red painfully sensitive

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18
Q

hallux valgus

A

bunion; abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

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19
Q

hemarthrosis

A

blood within a joint

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20
Q

hematopoietic

A

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

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21
Q

internal fixation

A

fracture tx in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

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22
Q

juvenile iodiopathic arthritis

A

autoimmune disorder affects children 16 or younger with RA symptoms including stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, fatigue

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23
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal increase in the outward curve of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side (hunchback)

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24
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical removal of the lamina or posterior portion of a vertebra

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25
lordosis
abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback)
26
lumbago
LBP; general term for pain in lumbar region of the spine
27
malleolus
rounded bony projection on tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint
28
manubrium
bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
29
metacarpals
5 bones that form the palm of the hand
30
metatarsals
5 bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached
31
multiple myeloma
cancer that occurs in blood-making plasma cells found on the red bone marrow
32
open fracture
compound fracture; bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin
33
orthopedic surgeon
(orthopedist) physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles
34
orthotic
mechanical appliance such as shoe insert, leg brace, or splint which is specially designed to support, control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function
35
osteitis
inflammation of the bone
36
osteoarthritis
"wear-and-tear" commonly associated with aging
37
osteochondroma
benign bony projection covered with cartilage
38
osteomalacia
abnormal softening of bones in adults (adult rickets)
39
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone
40
osteopenia
thinner than average bone density; describes condition of someone who does not yet have osteoporosis
41
osteoporosis
marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging
42
osteoporotic hip fracture
ususally caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis
43
Paget's disease
chronic bone disease of unknown cause named for Sir James Paget characterized by abnormal breakdown of bone
44
pathologic fracture
when a bone breaks under normal strain
45
percutaneous vertebroplasty
performed to treat osteoporosis related compression fractures; bone cement injected to stabilize compression fractures within spinal column
46
podiatrist
holds a degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot
47
polymyalgia rheumatica
inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs
48
prosthesis
substitute for a diseased or missing body part
49
radiculopathy
condition caused by compression of a nerve in the spine (pinched nerve)
50
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic autoimmune disorder in which joints and some organs are attacked
51
rickets
deficiency disease ocurring in children characterized by defective bone growth resulting from lack of vitamin D necessary to maintain calcium and phosphorus levels
52
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
53
spina bifida
congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord
54
spinal stenosis
narrowing of spaces within the spine potentially putting pressure on the nerves
55
spiral fracture
complete fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart ; occurs from severe twisting motion such as sports injury or automobile accident
56
spondylolisthesis
forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebrae or sacrum below it
57
spondylosis
degenerative disorder can cause loss of normal spinal structure and function
58
subluxation
partial displacement of a bone from its joint
59
synovectomy
surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint, usually the knee
60
vertebrea
26 bony units make up the spinal column
61
ankyl/o
crooked, bent, stiff
62
arthr/o
joint
63
burs/o
bursa
64
chondr/o, chondr/i
cartilage
65
cost/o
rib
66
crani/o
skull
67
-desis
to bind, tie together
68
kyph/o
bent, hump
69
lord/o
curve, swayback, bent
70
Lumb/o
lumbar, lower back
71
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
72
oss/e; oss/i; ost/o; oste/o
bone
73
scoli/o
curved, bent
74
spondyl/o
vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone
75
synovi/o; synov/o
synovial membrane, synovial fluid

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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