Chapter 2 Flashcards
(28 cards)
self‐concept
– an individual’s overall beliefs about his or her own attributes
self‐esteem
– an individual’s evaluation of his or her own worth
Self‐awareness
is a state of being aware of oneself as an object of one’s thoughts.
Self‐concept clarity
is defined as the extent to which knowledge about the self is clearly or consistently defined
affective forecasting
– the process of predicting the impact of both positive and negative events on mood
self‐discrepancy theory
– the theory that our self‐concept is influenced by the gap between how we actually see ourselves and how we want to see ourselves
self‐awareness theory
when people focus on their own behaviour, they are motivated to either change their behaviour (so their attitudes and behaviour are in line) or escape from self‐awareness (to avoid noticing this contradiction)
self- perception theory
we look to our own behavior to determine our attitudes and beliefs
facial feedback hypothesis
– the hypothesis that changes in facial expression can lead to changes in emotion
overjustification
– the phenomenon in which receiving external rewards for a given behaviour can undermine the intrinsic motivation for engaging in this behaviour
social comparison theory
– the theory that people evaluate their own abilities and attributes by comparing themselves to other people
false consensus effect
the tendency to overestimate the extent to which other people share our opinions, attitudes, and behaviours
false uniqueness effect
– the tendency to underestimate the extent to which other people are likely to share our positive attitudes and behaviour
unrealistic optimism
– a phenomenon in which people see themselves as more likely than other people to experience good events and less likely than other people to experience bad events
perceived control
– the tendency to see uncontrollable events as at least partially under our control
basking in reflected glory
– associating with successful others to increase one’s feelings of self‐worth
downward social comparison
– comparing ourselves to people who are worse than we are on a given trait or ability in an attempt to feel better about ourselves
self‐handicapping
– a strategy in which people create obstacles to success so that potential failure can be blamed on these external factors
impression management
– strategies that people use to create positive impressions of themselves
self‐promotion
– a strategy that focuses on making other people think you are competent or good in some way, while pointing with pride to one’s accomplishments
ingratiation
– a strategy in which people try to make themselves likeable to someone else, often through flattery and praise
self‐verification theory
– the expectation that other people’s perception of oneself is consistent with one’s own perception of oneself
Self‐monitors
– is the tendency to monitor one’s attitudes and behaviour in response to the situation
spotlight effect
– the tendency to overestimate the extent to which one’s own appearance and behaviour are obvious to others
