Chapter 2

Question 1

Atoms

Answer 1

small unit of matter and has subatomic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons)

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 3

molecule

Answer 3

interaction of atoms and molecules

Question 4

cell

Answer 4

smallest unit of life; structural and functional

Question 5

organelles

Answer 5

combinations of molecules for structures

Question 6

tissue

Answer 6

group of similar cells and materials surrounding them

Question 7

4 tissue types

Answer 7

epithelial, muscular, nervous, and connective

Question 8

organ

Answer 8

two or more tissues functioning together

Question 9

organ systems

Answer 9

group of organs working together

Question 10

organism

Answer 10

any living thing, whether composed of one cell or many

Question 11

neutron

Answer 11

no electrical charge

Question 12

proton

Answer 12

positive charge

Question 13

electron

Answer 13

negative charge

Question 14

what is the nucleus formed by?

Answer 14

protons and neutrons

Question 15

what is the nucleus?

Answer 15

core of an atom

Question 16

what is an atom made of?

Answer 16

3 subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons)

Question 17

if electrons are NOT in the nucleus, where are they located?

Answer 17

move OUTSIDE of nucleus, called the electron CLOUD

Question 18

What type of bonds do electrons form?

Answer 18

chemical bonds

Question 19

what is weight?

Answer 19

gravitational force + mass

Question 20

What does the RUQ (right upper quadrant) have?

Answer 20

-liver
-gallbladder (gallbladder disease is associated with 4F; female, obese, fertile, in forties)

Question 21

LUQ (left-upper quadrant)

Answer 21

-spleen (reservoir for blood)

Question 22

RLQ (right-lower quadrant)

Answer 22

-appendix (appendicitis=inflammation of appendix)

Question 23

What does ED stand for?

Answer 23

Emergency department

Question 24

Atomic number:

Answer 24

number of protons (which equal number of electrons)

Question 25

Mass number:

Answer 25

protons + neutrons

Question 26

A + B ---> C + D identify what reactants and products

Answer 26

reactants are A + B & products are C & D - arrow means its irreversible

Question 27

chemical bonds:

Answer 27

occur when electrons are transferred/shared between atoms

Question 28

Type of chemical bonds (3)

Answer 28

-ionic bond -covalent bond -hydrogen bond

Question 29

what is an ionic bond?

Answer 29

charged atom that's formed because of donation/gain of an electron

Question 30

what is a cation? (ionic bond)

Answer 30

positively charged atom (Na+)

Question 31

what is an anion?

Answer 31

negatively charged atom (CI-)

Question 32

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 32

when atoms share electrons

Question 33

Polar covalent bonds:

Answer 33

unequal sharing of electrons

Question 34

Non-polar covalent bonds:

Answer 34

equal sharing of electrons

Question 35

Hydrogen bond:

Answer 35

weak attraction where hydrogen holds bond; positive is weakly attracted to negative end of polar molecule

Question 36

what is an ion?

Answer 36

charged particle; positive or negative (cation and anion)

Question 37

What is a reactant?

Answer 37

substances that enter into chemical reaction (starting materials!)

Question 38

What are product?

Answer 38

substances that RESULT from reaction (end materials)

Question 39

what is potential energy?

Answer 39

stored energy (chemical)

Question 40

what is kinetic energy?

Answer 40

energy in motion (mechanical

Question 41

heat energy

Answer 41

energy that flows between objects at different temperatures

Question 42

what is acid?

Answer 42

proton donor/any substance that releases hydrogen ions

Question 43

what is base?

Answer 43

proton acceptor

Question 44

what is acidic? (in pH scale)

Answer 44

pH of less than 7; has greater concentration of hydrogen ions

Question 45

what is alkaline? (in pH scale)

Answer 45

pH of greater than 7; has greater concentration of hydroxide ions

Question 46

what is neutral? (in pH scale)

Answer 46

pH of 7 or =equal amounts of hydrogen/hydroxide ions

Question 47

What is a reversible chemical reaction?

Answer 47

chemical reaction can proceed from either reaction to product OR product to reaction

Question 48

What is irreversible chemical reaction?

Answer 48

chemical reaction that proceeds in one direction from reactant to product.

Question 49

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 49

simplest units of carbohydrates AND simplest form of sugar; has 6-carbon sugars like Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Question 50

What are disaccharides?

Answer 50

two simple sugars bounded together by dehydration; Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose

Question 51

Polysaccharides

Answer 51

Long chains of monosaccharides

Question 52

What's an example of a lipid?

Answer 52

Triglycerides

Question 53

What are triglycerides?

Answer 53

lipids composed of glycerol and fatty acids

Question 54

What are proteins?

Answer 54

made of amino acids

Question 55

What are functions of proteins?

Answer 55

-makes skin, hair, nails, muscles -act as enzymes -immune system functions -muscle contractions -part of cell membrane

Question 56

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 56

composed of nucleotides; (DNA, RNA, ATP)

Question 57

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 57

Deoxyribose nucleic acid; genetic material of cells

Question 58

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 58

Ribose nucleic acid

Question 59

What does ATP mean?

Answer 59

Adenosine triphosphate; organic molecule that stores + provides energy