Chapter 16: Digestive System

Question 1

4 Functions of the Digestive System

Answer 1

-Ingestion
-Digestion (mechanical & chemical)
-Absorb nutrients
-Eliminate waste

Question 2

What are the 2 parts of digestion?

Answer 2

-Mechanical (chewing food)
-Chemical (breaking by digestive enzymes)

Question 3

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 3

chewing food

Question 4

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 4

breaking by enzymes

Question 5

Briefly describe what the digestive tract is

Answer 5

continuous tube w/ 2 ends

Question 6

Name 1-8 structures of the digestive tract IN ORDER

Answer 6

-Oral cavity
-Pharynx (throat)
-Esophagus (hollow tube)
-Stomach
-Small intestine
-Large intestine
-Rectum
-Anus

Question 7

BUT FOR THE EXAM…
Name the first 4 structures IN ORDER

Answer 7

-Oral cavity
-Pharynx
-Esophagus
-Stomach

Question 8

How many layers is the digestive tract made of?

Answer 8

4 layers

Question 9

Name the 4 layers of the digestive tract

Answer 9

1st: Mucosa (deepest)
2nd: Submucosa
3rd: Muscularis Externa
4th: Serosa (outermost/superficial)

Question 10

Out of the 4 layers in digestive tract, which layer supports the mucosa?

Answer 10

Submucosa

(sub=under mucosa… meaning it supports it)

Question 11

Out of the 4 layers in digestive tract, which layer is made of 2 muscles?

Answer 11

Muscularis externa

Question 12

Out of the 4 layers in digestive tract, which layer is made of connective tissue?

Answer 12

Serosa

Question 13

There are 4 membranes that surround the organs, what are they?

Answer 13

-Lesser Omentum
-Greater Omentum
-Mesocolon (Transverse)
-Mesentary Proper

Question 14

Describe the location of Lesser Omentum

Answer 14

inferior to Liver & attaches to stomach

Question 15

Describe the location of Greater Omentum

Answer 15

between stomach & large intestine

Question 16

Describe the location of Mesocolon

Answer 16

between large intestine & POSTERIOR wall of abdominal cavity

Question 17

Describe the location of Mesentary Proper

Answer 17

between POSTERIOR wall of abdominal cavity & small intestine

Question 18

How many teeth are in BOTH the maxilla & mandible?

Answer 18

32 teeth (16 in mandible, 16 in maxilla)

Question 19

Teeth are separated by how many quadrants?

Answer 19

4

Question 20

Because there are 4 quadrants, how many incisors are in each? Multiply to get the total

Answer 20

2 (incisors) x 4 == 8 incisors TOTAL

Question 21

Because there are 4 quadrants, how many canines are in each? Multiply to get the total

Answer 21

1 (canines) x 4 == 4 canines TOTAL

Question 22

Because there are 4 quadrants, how many molars are in each? Multiply to get the total

Answer 22

3 (molars) x 4 == 12 molars TOTAL

Question 23

FILL IN THE BLANK:
3rd molar is the w_______m tooth

Answer 23

Wisdom

Question 24

How many incisors do we have on each quadrant

Answer 24

2

Question 25

How many canines do we have on each quadrant

Answer 25

1

Question 26

How many premolars do we have on each quadrant?

Answer 26

2

Question 27

How many molars do we have on each quadrant

Answer 27

3

Question 28

Crown

Answer 28

enamel-covered part of tooth

Question 29

Enamel

Answer 29

outermost layer of crown; non-living, acellular, protective

Question 30

_____ is used to assist in the absorption of Vitamin B12.

Answer 30

Intristic factor

Question 31

Pulp cavity

Answer 31

has blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue;

Question 31

Periodontal ligaments

Answer 31

hold tooth in socket

Question 31

Dentin

Answer 31

living, cellular, calcified tissue; covered by cellular bone-like structure

Question 31

Gingiva

Answer 31

dense, fibrous CT covered by stratified squamous epithelium AKA, the pink gums

Question 32

What are the 3 muscles involved in mastication/chewing?

Answer 32

-Masseter -Temporalis -Medial & Lateral Pterygoids

Question 33

What are the 3 pairs of multicellular glands?

Answer 33

-Parotid (largest, ANT to ear) -Submandibular (inferior to mandible) -Sublingual (smallest, inferior to tongue)

Question 34

TRUE/FALSE: Parotid gland is the largest salivary gland

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What is the stomach known as?

Answer 35

J-shaped hollow muscular organ

Question 36

Cardia

Answer 36

proximal portion of stomach

Question 37

What type of liquid does the stomach contain?

Answer 37

Hydrochloric acid (HcI) ~2.0 acidic

Question 38

Fundus

Answer 38

dome of stomach

Question 39

Body

Answer 39

largest part w/ greater & lesser curvature

Question 40

GREATER curvature is lateral or medial?

Answer 40

Lateral

Question 41

LESSER curvature is lateral or medial?

Answer 41

Medial

Question 42

Pyloric sphincter is proximal/distal?

Answer 42

Distal

Question 43

Cardiac sphincter is proximal/distal?

Answer 43

Proximal

Question 44

Rugae

Answer 44

gastric ridges/folds in stomach when empty; allows stretching

Question 45

_____ causes gallbladder contraction to release bile.

Answer 45

Cholecystokinin

Question 46

The _____ is NOT part of the small intestine.

Answer 46

Cecum

Question 47

Intrinsic factor is produced by the _____

Answer 47

Parietal cells

Question 48

_____ is NOT a function of the liver.

Answer 48

Hydrochloric acid production (only the stomach does that)

Question 49

_____ converts Pepsinogen into Pepsin

Answer 49

HcI (Hydrochloric acid)

Question 50

The _____ protects the airway and guides food into the esophagus during deglutition. (HINT: one of the single cartilages)

Answer 50

Epiglottis

Question 51

ORDER of the stomach phases

Answer 51

1. Cephalic 2. Gastric 3. Intestinal

Question 52

The _____ is the short portion of the small intestine.

Answer 52

Duodenum

Question 53

Absorption of nutrients and water mainly occurs in the _____ of the digestive tract.

Answer 53

Small intestine (NOT ESOPHAGUS)

Question 54

Goblet cells produce

Answer 54

mucus

Question 55

Chief cells produce

Answer 55

pepsinogen

Question 56

Parietal cells produce

Answer 56

Hydrochloric acid