CHAPTER 2

Question 1

Study of how the body absorbs, distributed and eventually eliminates pharmacological compounds

Answer 1

Pharmacokinetics

Question 2

It is for a significant amount of the drug will be metabolize of the liver and destroyed prior to reaching its site of action

Answer 2

First-pass effect

Question 3

A route were in it goes to the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 3

Enteral

Question 4

It is the easiest safest and the most convenient however it is subjected to the first pass effect

Answer 4

Oral

Question 5

Its rapid on set and not subjected to the first effect however, the drug must be easily absorbed by the oral mucosa, it is administered by placing the drug under the tongue

Answer 5

Sublingual

Question 6

The drug is placed between the cheek and gums

Answer 6

Buccal

Question 7

an alternative route to oral, it has local effect on rectal tissue however poor or incomplete absorption or disadvantages of this route

Answer 7

Rectal

Question 8

Drug administration does not use the G.I. tract

Answer 8

Parenteral

Question 9

Drugs that exist in a gaseous or volatile state that can be suspended as tiny droplets

Answer 9

Inhalation

Question 10

Provides more direct administration to target tissues, and rapid onset. Disadvantage of this is that it can be affected if sterility is not maintained.

Answer 10

Injection

Question 11

A bolus injection of a medication in a peripheral vein, which allows an accurate, known quantity of the drug to be introduced over a short period of time

Answer 11

Intravenous

Question 12

This not permits, a large dose of the medication to reach a given site such as a specific organ.

Answer 12

Intra-arterial

Question 13

Injecting medications directly beneath the skin is used when a local response is desired

Answer 13

Subcutaneous

Question 14

Useful for treating a problem located directly in the injected muscle

Answer 14

Intramuscular

Question 15

This injection delivers the medication within a sheath, such as the spinal subarachnoid space

Answer 15

Intrathecal

Question 16

Drugs given are applied to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes

Answer 16

Topical

Question 17

Consist of applying drugs directly to the surface of the skin with the intent that they will be absorbed through the dermal layers

Answer 17

Transdermal

Question 18

Extent to which the drug reaches the systemic circulation

Answer 18

Bioavailability

Question 19

Movement occurs without expending any energy and it is high to low

Answer 19

Passive diffusion

Question 20

What are the two criteria for passive diffusion?

Answer 20

Gradient, membranes must be permeable

Question 21

The diffusing substance is water. Water moves from an area where it is highly concentrated to an area of low concentration.

Answer 21

Osmosis

Question 22

Carrier-mediated transport lower to higher concentration

Answer 22

Active transport

Question 23

Characteristics of active transport

Answer 23

Carrier Specificity, expenditure of energy, ability to transport substances against a concentration gradient

Question 24

Factors affecting distribution

Answer 24

Tissue permeability, blood flow, binding to plasma proteins, binding to subcellular components

Question 26

Population of a given drug within the body is often described by calculating its…

Answer 26

Volume of distribution

Question 27

The volume of distribution is equal it means that

Answer 27

Uniform distribution

Question 28

If the volume of distribution is lesser that means

Answer 28

Retained in plasma

Question 29

The volume of distribution is greater than that means

Answer 29

Sequestered in tissues

Question 30

Primary site for drug storage in the body fat deposits throughout the body that can serve as a considerable reservoir for those compounds

Answer 30

Adipose

Question 31

Act as a storage site for several toxic agents, especially heavy metals

Answer 31

Bone

Question 32

Binding of drugs to components within the muscle may lead to the long-term storage of this compounds

Answer 32

Muscle

Question 33

Drugs are often stored here, such as your liver and kidneys. The drugs enters the organ cells, passively or by, active transport, and then forms bonds to subcellular components.

Answer 33

Organs

Question 34

Also known as your time release

Answer 34

Controlled- released system

Question 35

Surgically implanted drug reservoir

Answer 35

Implanted drug delivery systems

Question 36

Several innovative strategies can target specific drugs to specific tissues

Answer 36

Target drug delivery to specific cells and tissues