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Chapter 2 Flashcards

Key PM Terms (59 cards)

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1
Q

What are 2 key points of a Project

A
  1. They are temporary
  2. They have a start and end date
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2
Q

What is the difference between an operation and a project

A

Projects are temporary and unique.
Operations is ongoing and not unique.

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3
Q

What does progress elaboration involve.

A

Discovering greater levels of detail as the project moves toward completion.

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4
Q

what is progressive elaboration also known as?

A

rolling wave planning

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5
Q

What is Project management

A

The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to meet the project requirements.

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6
Q

What are the three different approaches to managing a project

A

Predictive, Agile, Hybrid

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7
Q

What is the predictive approach

A

known as traditional waterfall, or plan driven were much of the planning is done upfront at the beginning.

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8
Q

What is the Agile approach?

A

known as an adaptive or change-driven, where the product is built in small increments versus being built all at once as you would in a traditional project.

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9
Q

Agile project allows for what?

A

more customer interactions as small increments are being built and support changes throughout the entire project.

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10
Q

What is the Hybrid approach?

A

When an organization combines the use of both predictive and agile methods for managing projects.

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11
Q

What should a company gain upon completion of a project?

A

Some kind of value from it.

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12
Q

What is one of the main tasks of a Project manager?

A

To ensure that the project and its completed deliverables are always adding value to a business.

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13
Q

What 4 things make up a process and what do they do?

A

I. nput
T. ools
T. echniques
O. utputs

They create a specific output.

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14
Q

What is needed to start every process?

A

Input

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15
Q

What are Tools and techniques used for?

A

help execute a process.

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16
Q

What is the output?

A

What you get out of the process.

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17
Q

What is a phase?

A

A division within the project where extra control is needed to effectively manage the completion of deliverables.

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18
Q

When are phases concluded and formally closed?

A

When the deliverable is accepted.

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19
Q

How many process groups does each phase have?

A
  1. Initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, closing.
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20
Q

What is a deliverable?

A

The part of the product that is presented to the customer or stakeholders for acceptance.

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21
Q

What happens to outputs of one phase?

A

They become inputs in another phase.

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22
Q

Who creates the phases?

A

The project manager.

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23
Q

What is a process group?

A

A set of processes the project manager maybe doing at a certain time.

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24
Q

What is a knowledge area?

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A

A certain set of processes that are usually defined by the knowledge needed to manage that area.

25
How many knowledge areas are there? What are they?
10. Integration, Scope, schedule, cost, quality, resources, communications, risk, procurement and stakeholders.
26
What are the 2 types of lifecycles
Predictive: Where you know scope, time and cost early in the project. Adaptive: When the scope is known early, but the time and cost will be refined as the project is progressing.
27
What is a Program?
A collection of projects containing a common goal managed by a program manager.
28
What is a portfolio?
A collection of projects and programs that are implemented to achieve a strategic business goal and are managed by a portfolio manager?
29
What is a strategic business goal?
A three-to-five year goal that a business wants to accomplish.
30
What are the 3 baselines for all projects?
Scope, time and cost.
31
What is a baseline?
An original plan plus any approved changes that all projects are measured against.
32
The status of a project is reached by doing what?
Comparing the actual work against the planned work.
33
What does historical information record?
What has been learned from previous projects.
34
When are. lessons learned recorded?
At the end of every project or phase.
35
What are regulations?
official documents that provide guidelines that must be followed.
36
Who approves a standard?
a recognized body that provides guidelines.
37
What is a system?
All formal procedures and tools put in place to manage something.
38
What is project governance?
The framework, functions and processes that a company will follow in order to complete a project.
39
What is the PMO and what does it do?
Sets up the structure and framework that projects within a business will follow.
40
What are the 3 types of PMO's?
Supportive, controlling and directive.
41
What does a supportive pmo do?
is there to support the PM and has low authority over the project.
42
What does a controlling pmo do?
supports the pmo by giving them the framework they need and has moderate authority.
43
What does a directive PMO do?
directs the PM on what they should be doing and is generally in control of the project.
44
Name 6 ways a PMO can help.
1. Provide training for PM on project methodologies. 2. Define standards and the best practices for all projects in an organization. 3. Provide templates for PM to use. 4.Help with approvals or resource gathering. 5. Define the PM role. 6. Provide assistant PM with resources needed to complete their projects.
45
What isi a stakeholder
Any individual or business that is positively or negatively affected ty the project.
46
Who identifies the stakeholders and when does this happen?
The PM and project team determine the stakeholders when the project is initiated.
47
Who accepts deliverables?
The sponsor or the customer.
48
What does the organization structure determine?
The power and authority level of the project manager within a company.
49
"What is an organic or simple structure?
A small business where the role of the PM really does not exist.
50
What is a virtual structure?
Where project management is done virtually using different types fo computer technology.
51
What is a functional organization?
An organization where the project manager has very little power over the resources.
52
What is a project oriented organization?
Where the PM controls all the resources.
53
What is a matrix organization na dhow many types are there?
The middle ground between functional and project-oriented. 3 types.
54
Explain the 3 different matrix types.
Weak: The PM has little power balanced: The PM has almost equal to the functional manager. strong: PM has most of the power.
55
What is a hybrid organization structure?
A company uses more than one of the different types of structures.
56
What are the constraints on a project?
scope, time, cost, quality, resources and risk
57
What is a life cycle?
All the stages or phases a project or product goes through from beginning to the end.
58
Explain the 2 types of life cycles.
Product: The life cycle that a product goes through from start to end which may include many projects. Project: The phases that a project goes through from initiating the project to its closing
59
How is project success measured?
by finishing the project within the given limitations of scope, cost, time, quality, resources and risk.

PMP (6 decks)

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