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Neuroscience 1 section 1 > Chapter 2 #2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 #2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Forebrain

A

Frontal division, contains the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus

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1
Q

Neural tube

A

Embryonic structure with divisions that corresponds with future forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

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2
Q

Midbrain

A

Middle division of the brain

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3
Q

Hindbrain

A

Rear division, contains cerebellum,pons, and medulla

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4
Q

Telecephalon

A

Anterior fetal forebrain, which will become the cerebral hemispheres in adulthood

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5
Q

Brainstem

A

Consists of midbrain, pons, and medulla

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

Where a collection of neuronal cell bodies within the central nervous system

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7
Q

Diencephalon

A

Posterior part of the fetal forebrain will become the thalamus and hypothalamus in the adult brain

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8
Q

Tract

A

A bundle of axons found within the cns

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9
Q

Pyramidal cell

A

Type of large nerve cell that has a rough pyramid shaped cell body and is found in the cerebral cortex

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10
Q

Cortical columns

A

One of the vertical columns that constitute the basic organization of the cerebral cortex

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11
Q

Nucleus +tract

A

The “ganglia” of the cns

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12
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Forebrain nuclei deep in the cerebral hemispheres. Critical role in the control of movement

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13
Q

What are the parts of the basal ganglia?

A

Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

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14
Q

Limbic system

A

Widespread group of brain nuclei that Innervate each other. Involved in emotion and learning.

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15
Q

What are the parts of the limbic system?

A

Amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, olfactory bulb

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16
Q

Amygdala

A

Regulates emotions and odor reception

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17
Q

Hippocampus and fornix

A

Important for learning and memory

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18
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

Cognitive functions such as direction of attention

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19
Q

Olfactory bulb

A

Provides receptors for smell

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20
Q

Thalamus

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A

Traffic cop for sensory input and transmission

21
Q

Hypothalamus

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A

Contains nuclei involved in hunger, thirst, temperature regulation, sex. Controls pituitary gland.

22
Q

What are the important midbrain structures?

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A

The tectum, the substantia nigra, the reticular formation

23
Q

Superior colliculi

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A

Paired gray matter structures of the dorsal midbrain that process visual information

24
Inferior colliculi
Paired gray matter structures of the dorsal midbrain that process auditory info
25
Tectum
Dorsal portion of the midbrain consisting of of both colliculi's
26
Substantia nigra
A brainstem structure that innervates the basal ganglia and is the source of all dopaminergic projections
27
Reticular formation
An extensive region of the brainstem that is involved in sleep and arousal
28
Cerebellum
Involved in the central regulation if movement
29
Pons
Portion of brainstem that connects the midbrain to the medulla
30
Medulla
Transitions from the brain to the spinal cord
31
The three protective meninges?
Dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid
32
Dura mater
Outermost meninges
33
Pia mater
Tender second meninges around brain and spinal cord
34
Arachnoid
Thin covering of the brain that lies between the dura and pia mater. "Spider web like"
35
Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)
Fluid fills the cerebral ventricles, shock absorbing action
36
Meningitis
an acute inflammation of the meninges usually caused by infection
37
Meningioma
A noninvasive tumor of the meninges
38
Ventricular system
A system of fluid filled cavities inside the brain
39
Lateral ventricle
A complex lateral portion of the ventricular system within each hemisphere of the brain
40
Choroid plexus
A specialized membrane lining the ventricles that produces cerebralspinal fluid by filtering blood
41
Third ventricle
Midline ventricle that conducts csf from the the lateral ventricles to the fourth ventricles
42
Fourth ventricle
Passageway inside the pons that receives csf from the third ventricle and releases it to surround the brain and spinal cord
43
What 2 fluids is the brain dependent on?
Cerebrospinal fluid and blood
44
Stroke
damage to a region of brain tissue that results from the blockage or rupture of vessels that supply blood to that region
45
Blood-brain barrier
Mechanisms that make the movement of substances from blood vessels into brain cells more difficult than exchanges in other body organs, thus affording greater protection from some substances found in blood
46
Computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT)
Examines brain structure through computer analysis of x-ray absorption at several positions around the head
47
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Examines brain structure that uses magnetic energy to generate images that reveal some structural details in the living brain
48
Functional MRI (fMRI)
MRI that detects changes in blood flow and therefore identifies regions of the brain that are particularly active during a given task
49
Positron emission tomography (PET)!
A technique for examining brain function that combines tomography with injections or radioactive substances used by the brain
50
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Applies strong magnetic fields to stimulate cortical neurons in order to identify discrete areas if the brain that are active during specific behaviors
51
Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
Measures the tiny magnetic fields produced by active neurons in order to identify regions of the brain that are particularly active during a given task

Neuroscience 1 section 1 (5 decks)

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