Chapter 2 Nervous Systems Flashcards
(40 cards)
Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
Gross neuroanatomy
Anatomical features of the nervous system that are apparent to the naked eye
Peripheral nervous system
All nerves and neurons outside the brain/spinal cord
What are the 3 components of the PNS?
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic nervous system
Cranial nerves
Connected directly to the brain
Spinal nerves
Connected at regular intervals to the spinal cord
Autonomic nervous system
Nerves that connect to viscera (internal organs)
Nerves
Collections of axons bundled together
Motor nerves
Transmit info from cns to muscles and glands
Sensory nerves
Convey info from body to cns
How many pairs of cranial nerves in the PNS?
12
How many pairs of spinal nerves in the PNS?
31
What are the 4 types of spinal nerves?
8 cervical (neck) 12 thoracic ( trunk) 5 lumbar (lower back) 5 sacral (pelvic) 1 coccygeal (bottom)
What are the 2 parts of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
Sympathetic nervous system
Parts of the autonomic nervous system. Arises from thoracic/lumbar spinal cord. Prepares body for immediate action. “Fight or flight”
Parasympathetic nervous system
Part of the autonomic nervous system. Arises from cranial/sacral regions. Helps body relax, recuperate, and prepare for future action.
Cerebral hemispheres
Halves of the forebrain
Cerebral cortex
Outer covering of the hemispheres. Mostly nerve cell bodies and branches
Gyrus
Ridged or raised portion of a convoluted brain surface.
Sulcus
A crevice or valley between gyri on brain surface.
What are the 4 cortical regions of the forebrain?
Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes
Sylvian fissure
Marked division of the temporal lobe
Central sulcus
Distinct division of the frontal and parietal lobes
Corpus callosum
Main band of axons that connect the 2 hemispheres