Chapter 2

Question 0

Neutrons

Answer 0

No charge

Question 1

Protons

Answer 1

Positively charged

Question 2

Electrons

Answer 2

Negatively charged

Question 3

Atomic number

Answer 3

Number of protons

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Contains protons and neutrons

Question 5

Electron cloud

Answer 5

Contains electrons

Question 6

Chemical bonds

Answer 6

Involve the sharing, gaining, and losing of electrons in the valence shell

Question 7

Ionic bonds

Answer 7

One gives away an electron and one takes an electron

Question 8

Covalent bonds

Answer 8

Shared electrons: no taking of electrons

Question 9

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 9

Weak polar bonds based on partial electron attractions

Question 10

Non polar covalent

Answer 10

Involve equal sharing of electrons because atoms involved in the bond have equal pull for the electrons.

Question 11

Polar covalent

Answer 11

Involve the un equal sharing of electrons because one of the atoms involved in the bond has a disproportionately strong pull on the electrons

Question 12

Kinetic energy

Answer 12

Energy of motion

Question 13

Potential energy

Answer 13

Stored energy

Question 14

Chemical energy

Answer 14

Potential energy stored in chemical bonds

Question 15

Decomposition reaction

Answer 15

Breaks bonds

Question 16

Synthesis reaction

Answer 16

Forms bonds

Question 17

Exchange reaction

Answer 17

Decomposition first, then synthesis

Question 18

Reversible reaction

Answer 18

CO2 + H2O > < C6 H12 O6 + O2

Question 19

Chemical reactions

Answer 19

~Activation energy is the amount of energy needed to get a reaction started.
~Enzymes are protein catalysts that lower the activation energy of reactions.
~You can’t function without enzymes in the body

Question 20

Exergonic (Exothermic) reactions

Answer 20

Produce more energy than they use

Question 21

Endergonic (Endothermic) reactions

Answer 21

Use more energy than they produce

Question 22

Nutrients

Answer 22

Essential molecules obtained from food

Question 23

Metabolites

Answer 23

Molecules made or broken down in the body

Question 24

Inorganic compounds

Answer 24

Molecules based on carbon + hydrogen. | Carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, etc...

Question 25

Organic compounds

Answer 25

Molecules based on carbon + hydrogen. | Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Question 26

Solvent

Answer 26

Dissolves

Question 27

Solute

Answer 27

Dispersed

Question 28

Solubility

Answer 28

Waters ability to dissolve a solute in a solvent to make a solution.

Question 29

Reactivity

Answer 29

Most body chemistry occurs in water

Question 30

High Heat Capacity

Answer 30

Waters ability to absorb + retain heat

Question 31

Lubrication

Answer 31

To moisten + reduce friction

Question 32

Hydrophilic

Answer 32

Interacts with water

Question 33

Hydrophobic

Answer 33

Does not interact with water. | Includes lipids.

Question 34

pH of Human blood

Answer 34

Ranges from 7.35 to 7.45