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Anatomy > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Fills internal spaces.
Supports other tissues.
Transports materials.
Stores energy.

A

Connective tissue

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1
Q

Covers exposed surfaces.
Lines internal passageways.
Forms glands.

A

Epithelial tissue

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2
Q
  1. Provide physical protection.
  2. Control permeability.
  3. Provide sensation.
  4. Produce specialized secretions.
A

Functions of epithelial

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3
Q

Ties cells together.

Allow bending and twisting.

A

Desmosomes

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4
Q 
1. Based on shape
Squamous- thin and flat 
Cuboidal- square
Columnar- tall, slender rectangles
2. Based on layers 
Simple- one layer
Stratified- several layers
A

Classes of epithelial

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5
Q

Tolerates repeated cycles of stretching and recoiling and returns to its previous shape without damage.
Appearance changes as stretching occurs.
Situated in regions of the urinary system.

A

Transitional epithelial

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6
Q

Produce secretions onto epithelial surfaces through ducts.

A

Exocrine glands

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7
Q

Modes of secretion

  1. Merocrine
  2. Apocrine
  3. Holoceine
A

Glandular epithelial

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8
Q

Produced in Golgi apparatus
Released by vesicles
Example, sweat glands

A

Merocrine

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9
Q

Released by shedding cytoplasm
Produced in the Golgi apparatus
Example, mammary glands

A

Apocrine

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10
Q

Released by cells bursting, killing gland cells.
Gland cells replaced by stem cell.
For example, sebaceous glands.

A

Holocrine

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11
Q

Serous glands
Mucous glands
Mixed exocrine glands

A

Glandular epithelial

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12
Q
  1. Specialized cells

2. Strong extracellular protein fibers

A

Characteristics of connective tissue

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13
Q

Establishing a structural framework for the body.
Transporting fluids and dissolved materials.
Protecting delicate organs,
Supporting, surrounding, and interconnecting other types of tissue.
Storing energy reserves, especially in the form of triglycerides.
Defending the body from microorganisms.

A

Functions of connective tissue

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14
Q

Loose
More ground substance. Fewer fibers. Example, fat.
Dense
More fibers. Less ground substance. Example, tendons.

A

Categories of connective tissue

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15
Q 
Fibroblasts.
Fibrocytes.
Adipocytes.
Macrophages.
Lymphocytes.
Mast cells.
A

Types of connective tissue

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16
Q

The most abundant cell type.
Found in all connective tissue proper.
Secrete proteins.

A

Fibroblasts

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17
Q

The second most abundant cell type.
Found in all connective tissue proper.
Maintain the fibers of connective tissue proper.

A

Fibrocytes

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18
Q

Fat cells.

Each cell stores a single, large fat droplet.

A

Adipocytes

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19
Q

Large, amoeba - like cells of the immune system.
Eat pathogens and damaged cells.
Fixed macrophages stay in tissue.
Free macrophages migrate.

A

Macrophages

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20
Q

Stimulate inflammation after injury or infection.

A

Mast cells

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21
Q

Specialized immune cells in lymphatic system.

May develop into plasma cells that produce antibodies.

A

Lymphocytes

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22
Q

Collagen fibers,
Reticular fibers,
Elastic fibers,

A

Connective tissue fibers

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23
Q 
Most common fibers in connective tissue proper.
Long, straight, and unbranched.
Strong and flexible.
Resist force in one direction.
Example, tendons and ligaments.
A

Collagen fibers

24
Network of interwoven fibers. Strong and flexible. Resist force in many directions. Example, sheaths around organs.
Reticular fibers
25
Contain elastin. Branched and wavy. Return to original length after stretching. Example, elastic ligaments of vertebrae.
Elastic fibers
26
``` The packing materials of the body. Three types Areolar Adipose Reticular ```
Loose connective tissue
27
Holds blood vessels and capillary beds. For example, under skin. Opens framework.
Areolar
28
Contains many fat cells. Two types White fat Brown fat
Adipose
29
Most common Stores fat Absorbs shock Slows heat loss
White fat
30
More vascularized Adipocytes have many mitochondria When stimulated by nervous system, fat breakdown accelerates, releasing energy. Absorbs energy from surrounding cells.
Brown fat
31
Provides support. Complex three-dimensional network. Supportive fibers support functional cells Reticular organs, spleen, liver, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.
Reticular tissue
32
Connective tissue proper, tightly packed with high numbers of collagen or elastic fibers. Dense regular Dense irregular Elastic tissue
Dense connective tissue
33
Tightly packed, parallel collagen fibers. Tendons attach Muscles to bones. Ligaments connect bone to bone and stabilize organs. Aponeuroses attach in sheets to large, flat muscles.
Dense regular
34
``` Interwoven networks of collagen fibers. Layered in skin. Around cartilages. Around bones. Form capsules around some organs. ```
Dense irregular
35
Blood and lymph. Watery matrix of dissolved proteins. Carry specific cell types.
Fluid connective
36
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
37
Leukocytes
White blood cells
38
Membrane enclosed packets of cytoplasm that function in blood clotting.
Platelets
39
Extracellular fluid Collected from interstitial space. Monitored by immune system.
Lymph
40
Gel type ground substance. | For shock absorption and protection.
Cartilage
41
Calcified | For weight support
Bone
42
Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage
Types of cartilage
43
Stiff, flexible support. | Reduces friction between bones.
Hyaline
44
Supportive but bends easily. | Found in external ear and epiglottis
Elastic
45
Limits movement. Prevents bone to bone contact. Pads knee joints. Found between pubic bones and intervertebral discs.
Fibrocartilage
46
Strong calcified calcium salt deposits. | Resists shattering.
Bone ( Osseous tissue)
47
Covers bone surfaces. Fibrous layers. Cellular layer.
Periosteum
48
Line passageways that have external connections | In digestive. Respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.
Mucous membrane
49
Must be moist. To reduce friction. To facilitate absorption and excretion.
Epithelial surfaces
50
Areolar tissue
Lamina propria
51
Lines cavities not open to the outside. Are thin but strong. Have fluid transudate to reduce friction. Have a parietal portion covering the cavity. Have a visceral portion covering the organs.
Serous membrane
52
Pleura Peritoneum Pericardium
Serous membranes
53
Lines pleural cavities | Covers lungs
Pleura
54
Line peritoneal cavity. | Covers abdominal cavities
Peritoneum
55
Lines pericardial cavity. | Covers heart.
Pericardium
56
Is skin, surface if the body. | Thick, waterproof and dry.
Cutaneous membrane
57
Line moving, articulating joint cavities Produce synovial fluid Protect the ends of bones Lack of true epithelium
Synovial membranes

Anatomy (6 decks)

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