Chapter 2 & 3

Question 1

action potential

Answer 1

is the fundamental electrical signal that transiently abolishes the negative resting potential and makes the membrane positive

Question 2

anesthetics

Answer 2

interfere with the electrical signaling mechanisms of neurons

Question 3

active transporters

Answer 3

they are proteins that move ions in and out of cells against their concentration gradients and they set the ion concentration gradient

Question 4

ion channels

Answer 4

allow ions to diffuse down the concentration gradient and are selectively permeable to only some ions

Question 5

voltage clamp

Answer 5

controls the membrane potential or voltage at any desired level

Question 6

TTX

Answer 6

blocks Na current without affecting K

Question 7

tetraethylammonium

Answer 7

blocks K current without affecting Na

Question 8

electrochemical driving force

Answer 8

is the difference between the membrane potential and the equilibrium potential of the ions

Question 9

myelination

Answer 9

done by oligodendrocytes, they wrap the axon in myelin which is made up of layers of glial membranes

Question 10

nodes of ranvier

Answer 10

places that are not surrounded by myelin

and where Na voltage gated channels are found