Chapter 6

Question 1

glutamate

Answer 1

main excitatory NT in the brain

Question 2

glutamate receptors

Answer 2

AMPA, NMDA and kainate

are ionotropic

Question 3

AMPA

Answer 3

is simple and fast
produces a strong inward current
fluxes Na and K
excitatory

Question 4

NMDA

Answer 4

is slower
produces a strong inward current
also fluxes Ca
needs to be depolarized in order to flux Ca
excitatory

Question 5

gaba

Answer 5

main inhibitory NT in the brain

is excitatory during development but inhibitory once mature

Question 6

organophosphates

Answer 6

are lethal because they inhibit AChE and therefore allow ACh to accumulate at the cholinergic synapses
causes neuromuscular paralysis

Question 7

nicotinic ACh receptors

Answer 7

are a type of ionotropic NT receptors

made up of 5 subunits: 2 alpha, beta, and gamma and lambda

Question 8

muscarinic ACh receptors

Answer 8

are metabotropic and mediate most effects in the brain

they have 7 helical membrane spanning domains and bind to a single extracellular surface of this receptor

Question 9

gaba A

Answer 9

is an ionotropic post synaptic receptor
mainly flux Cl
activation of these receptors causes an influx of Cl that will inhibit the post synaptic cell

Question 10

gaba B

Answer 10

is a metabotropic post synaptic receptor
are inhibitory
they mediate inhibition due to the activation of K channels and also can block Ca channels

Question 11

endocannabinoids

Answer 11

inhibit the communication between presynaptic inputs and their postsynaptic target cells
in the hippocampus and cerebellum they serve as retrograde signals that regulate GABA release