Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio-S > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Chemistry

A

scientific study of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atoms

A

the smallest units that retain all the properties of their type of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Elements

A

substances that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Compounds

A

substances with two or more elements in a fixed ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chemical Reactions

A

composition of living matter is constantly changing;

atoms remain whole but they are swapped as molecules are broken down and built up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reactants

A

starting matter on the left side of the the reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Products

A

ending matter on the ride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Period table

A

table of elements ordered by atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atomic number

A

number of protons in atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Atomic weight

A

protons + neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Trace Element

A

elements present in very tiny amounts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Subatomic Particles

A

particles in an atom:

Proton, neutron, electron etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Proton:

A

positive charge

found in nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neutron

A

no charge

found in nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Electron

A

negative charge

found outside nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Isotopes:

A

Atom with a with a different number of electrons than the original atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ions

A

Atom with a different number of electrons than the original atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chemical bonds

A

Way atoms are held together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ionic bond

A

transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Covalent bond

A

sharing of one or more electrons between atoms

single bond: shares one pair
double bond shares two pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Non polar bond

A

if electrons are shared equally among atoms, its a non polar bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Polar bond

A

if electrons are shared unequally where electrons are attracted to one atoms more than the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

type of weak chemical bond where a partially positive hydrogen atom is attracted to a partially negative atom in another molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Solvent
a dissolving agent
26
Solution
mixture
27
Cohesion
tendency to stick to other other similar molecules water molecules to water molecules
28
Aqueous solution
one that contains a substance dissolved in water
29
pH scale
the concentration of hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution
30
acid
is a chemical that when dissolved in water, it releases hydrogen ions pH between 0-7
31
base
is a chemical that when dissolved in water removes hydrogen ions. Usually by combining with hydronium ions pH between 7-14
32
buffers
chemicals that minimize the changes in pH by accepting hydrogen ions or releasing as needed
33
organic compounds
most of the molecules that make up living matter. | molecules that contain carbon bonded to other elements
34
functional groups
sets of atoms that are attached to the carbon skeleton check figure on page 31
35
Macromolecules
large molecules that can have complex structures
36
Polymers and monomers
Polymers are large molecules made by joining many smaller molecules calles monomers
37
Hydrolysis reactions
process of breaking down polymers
38
Dehydration synthesis
process of linking together monomers to form larger polymers
39
Metabolism
sum total of all chemical processes in the body
40
Carbohydrates
sugars and large molecules made from sugars
41
monosaccharides
building blocks of carbs
42
isomers
same numbers and kinds of atoms but vary in arrangment
43
disaccharide
double sugar formed by joining two monosaccharides
44
Polysaccharide
complex carbohydrate made by joining many monosaccharides into a long chain
45
lipids
diverse group of organic compounds but are ALL hydrophoic (water-fearing)
46
Phospholipid bilayer
two layers of a phospholipid. | surrounds all living cells and helps regulate the passage of materials in and out the cell
47
phospholipid
phosphate group in its hydrophilic (water-loving) head and two long hydrophobic tails
48
cholestrol
lipid with various important roles helps maintain fluidity helps synthesize lipid hormones
49
triglyceride
one molecule of glycerol joined to three fatty acid molecules
50
fatty acids
stores lots of energy
51
steroid
lipid containing four fused chemical rings made primarily of carbon
52
anabolic steroid
synthetic variants of testosterone
53
saturated fats
have maximum number of hydrogens along the fatty acid chain which corresponds to all single chemical bonds in the chain. structure allows it to be solid
54
unsaturated fats
one or more double bonds in fatty acid tail | fewer hydrogens
55
hydrogenation
process to produce trans fat from unsaturated fat
56
trans fat
type of unsaturated fat that contains an unusual bond that does not occur naturally
57
omega 3-fatty acids
healthy fat
58
protein
most diverse biological molecule | each kind has unique structure and shape that allows it to perform a specific function
59
amino acid
20 different kinds | specific order of amino acid determines overall structure of protein
60
enzyme
protein that speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed itself
61
substrate
enzyme's target molecule
62
active site
where enzyme and substrate bind
63
activation energy
amount of energy required of chemical reaction to proceed
64
inhibitors
molecules that bind to an enzyme and disrupt its function

Bio-S (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions