Chapter 3

Question 1

Organelles

Answer 1

Membrane enclosed structures that perform specific functions

Question 2

Plasma membrane

Answer 2

Outer boundary of the cell that regulates movement of stuff in and out of it

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Houses DNA

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

Liquidy region containing many organelles

Question 5

Organelles

Answer 5

Membrane enclosed structures only in eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions

Question 6

What does an animal cell had that a plant cell doesn’t?

Answer 6

Lysosomes

Question 7

What does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesnt?

Answer 7

Chloroplast, cell wall, central vacuole

Question 8

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 8

Bilayer and most of proteins in it drift about in the plane of the membrane causing it to flex

Question 9

Fluid mosaic

Answer 9

Another name for the membrane.

Because the fluid molecules can move freely and the proteins are diverse

Question 10

Phospholipid

Answer 10

Each molecule has One phosphate group as its head and two fatty acids for tails
Arrange themselves into bilayer because heads prefer water and tails fear it

Question 11

Cytosol

Answer 11

Watery liquid in the cytoplasm

Question 12

Passive transport

Answer 12

Occurs when a substance moves across a membrane from high concentration to low.
Freely flow along the concentration gradient with no energy required from the cell

Question 13

Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

Answer 13

Types of passive transport

Question 14

diffusion

Answer 14

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration

Question 15

Osmosis

Answer 15

Diffusion of water from high to low.

Sometimes it requires a protein channel to pass through the membrane

Question 16

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 16

Substances that cannot cross a membrane on their own can cross through s specific transport protein in the membrane.

Question 17

Active transport

Answer 17

Moving a substance against its concentration gradient from less to higher concentration.
Requires energy from cell.
Usually driven by protein

Question 18

Types of active transport

Answer 18

Endocytosis, exocytosis

Question 19

Endocytosis

Answer 19

Transport of large substances into the cell. Ingested substances are packaged into vesicles that travels through cytoplasm to destination

Question 20

Exocytosis

Answer 20

Export of large quantities of material from the cell. Vesicles move to membrane to dump

Question 21

Nuclear envelope

Answer 21

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus. Controls passage of materials

Question 22

Nuclear pores

Answer 22

Allow certain molecules to pass through

Question 23

Chromatin

Answer 23

Fibers formed by DNA molecules wrapped around proteins

Question 24

Chromosome

Answer 24

Formed by chromatin fibers

Question 25

Transcription

Answer 25

In protein production, A cell copies a gene's DNA sequence to. Complementary RNA molecule

Question 26

Translation

Answer 26

In protein production, the info in RNA is used to manufacture a protein by joining a specific sequence of amino acids into a polypeptide chain

Question 27

Prokaryotes

Answer 27

Single celled life Bacteria and archaea

Question 28

End opossum reticulum (ER)

Answer 28

Network of passageways and sacs. Manufacture Smooth & rough

Question 29

Smooth ER

Answer 29

Contains enzymes that produce lipids

Question 30

Rough ER

Answer 30

Contains ribosomes that produce many kinds of proteins

Question 31

Ribosomes

Answer 31

Sites of protein manufacture

Question 32

Golgi apparatus

Answer 32

Receives from ribosomes, refines, and ships proteins

Question 33

Lysosomes

Answer 33

Vesicles containing digestive enzymes that break down and recycle substances

Question 34

Chloroplasts

Answer 34

Found in all plant cells only | Organelles of photosynthesis, convert light energy to food energy

Question 35

Photosynthesis

Answer 35

Energy is captured and used to create molecules of sugar | Light energy to food energy

Question 36

Mitochondria

Answer 36

Where the cell harvests energy from food (Enzymes perform cellular respiration)

Question 37

Cellular respiration

Answer 37

Uses oxygen to harvest chemical energy from sugar. Stores as ATP and then uses it to power other stuff. CO2 and water are disposed of

Question 38

Vacuoles

Answer 38

Storage sacks that can store food and various other substances

Question 39

Flagellum

Answer 39

Extension from the cell that whips back and forth (like sperm)

Question 40

Cilia

Answer 40

Shorter and move in back and forth motions

Question 41

Cell wall

Answer 41

Only on plants, fungi, and some Protists. Provides protection helps maintain shape

Question 42

Cytoskeleton

Answer 42

Network of protein fibers provides tracks along which vesicles can move; provides support