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Flashcards in Chapter 2 Deck (22)
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1
Q

) What are the atomic characteristics of common biological elements? [Table 2.1 and Figure 2.2]

A

h,c,n,o, p.s

2
Q

D) What is an element and how many are there?

A

consists of 1 kind of atom,92 naturally occurring

3
Q

E) What makes something an isotope?

A

diff #of nuetrons from protons

4
Q

E) What is the difference between an organic compound and an inorganic compound?

A

organic- carbon covalently bonded with hydrogen

5
Q

F) What is electronegativity and how does it affect electron sharing within a covalent bond? [Table 2.2]

A

when one atom in a covalent bond in which it shares electron un equally with the other.

6
Q

G) What are the differences between polar and non-polar covalent bonds? [Figure 2.5 and Table 2.3]

A

non polar share electrons equally

7
Q

What are some biologically important functional groups? [Table 2.4]

A
Aldehyde-carbs
Amino
carboxyl-org. acids and fatty acids
hydroxl- carbs, fatty acids, alchohol
keto-polypeptides
methyl-som aa atatched to DNA
phosphate
sufhydryl part of aa cystiene
8
Q

What type of bonds does ATP have?

A

high e phosphate bonds

9
Q

What are peptide bonds? Where are they found? [Figure 2.16]

A

hold aa’s together they are found in poly peptides and protiens

10
Q

1) What are polypeptides?

A

one end has carboxyl group and other a free aa

11
Q

D) What are the differences between a proteins primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures?

A

secondary: three d shape spirals and folds
Tertiary: 3d has 2 shapes globular(soluble) and and fibrous(non soluble)
Quanternary:
multiple poly peptides bonded together

12
Q

1) What are chaperones?

A

help with the folding process of protiens

13
Q

E) What is a protein domain? [Figure 2.18]

A

a protien substructure that consists of sheets and helixes that fold into a stable structure

14
Q

F) If a protein has other molecules covalently bonded to the side chains of some of its amino acids what
is it called?

A

substituted protiens

15
Q

1) How are the 6-carbon sugars different from each other? [Figure 2.21]

A

thier structure

16
Q

2) What are the two different forms of sugars? [Figure 2.22]

A

simple vs complex

17
Q

C) What are disaccharides, how are they formed, and what are some common examples? [Table 2.5 and Figure 2.23]

A

two sugar molecules together

18
Q

D) What are polysaccharides and how do they differ from oligosaccharides? [Table 2.5 and Figure 2.24]
1) What are some important polysaccharides?

A

long chains of mono sacharides. cellulose, starch glycogen

Oligo- shorter chains

19
Q

Which pairs of nucleobases are complementary to each other and what does that mean?

A

Ones that bind to eachother
C -G
A-T

20
Q

) What are the most common lipids? What are they made of? [Figure 2.29]

A

q

21
Q

C) What do compound lipids contain? Biologically what is the most important one? [Figure 2.30]

A

contain other elements other then cho

phospholipids are most importan

22
Q

steroids

A

simple lipids in shape of rings