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Flashcards in Chapter 2 Deck (21)
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1
Q

CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

2
Q

PNS

A

Connects CNS to other body parts

3
Q

2 divisions of PNS

A
  1. Somatic NS

2. Autonomic NS

4
Q

Somatic NS
•voluntary or involuntary
•what does it include
•examples

A
  • Voluntary actions
  • sensory and motor nerves
  • walking upstairs
5
Q

Autonomic NS
•voluntary or involuntary
• 2 divisions

A

•involuntary

  1. Parasympathetic
  2. sympathetic
6
Q

Each neuron develops approx. ____ connections

A

10,000

7
Q

What does it mean when neurons “fire”

A

They carry messages to the next neuron

8
Q

6 different neurotransmitters

A
  1. Acetylcholine
  2. Dopamine
  3. GABA
  4. Glutamate
  5. Norepinephrine
  6. Seratonin
9
Q

Acetylcholine
•function
•ACH deficit leads to

A
  • stimulates muscles, learning and memory

* ACH deficit -> Alzheimer’s

10
Q

Dopamine
•function
•levels in Schizophrenia; levels in parkinson’s

A
  • influences sleep, mood, attention, control of voluntary movement
  • high in S, low in P
11
Q

GABA
•function
•what does low GABA lead to

A
  • Stops other neurons from firing

* higher anxiety

12
Q

Glutamate
•function
•what does high glutamate lead to

A
  • excites neurons involved in learning and memory

* migraine headaches

13
Q

Norepinephrine
•function
•Low levels lead to
•high levels lead to

A
  • Stops neurons from sending info in CNS
  • depression
  • agitation, mania (bipolar)
14
Q

Seratonin
•function
•Low levels lead to

A
  • regulates sleep, mood, attention and learning

* depression, Prozac increases seratonin

15
Q

Cerebral cortex

A
  • wrinkled outer layer
  • split into right and left hemispheres
  • where most of cognition happens
16
Q

4 divisions of cerebral cortex

A
  1. Occipital
  2. Temporal
  3. Parietal
  4. Frontal
17
Q

Occipital lobes

A
  • Translates info from eyes
  • interprets color, shape, movement in environment
  • visual memory
18
Q

Temporal lobes

A
  • translates info from ears
  • interprets sounds and pressure changes
  • auditory memory and language
19
Q

Parietal lobes

A
  • interprets info on balance and environment cues
  • determines location in space
  • directs attention and movement
20
Q

Frontal lobes

A
  • interprets all sensory input
  • location of intelligence and personality
  • directs movement
21
Q

All-or-nothing principle

A

once the electrical impulse reaches a certain level of intensity, it fires and moves all the way down the axon without losing an intensity