Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Electrons

A

the lightest subatomic particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Atomic Number

A

number of protons in an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Isotopes

A
  • have a different number of neutrons in the nucleus

- are different from one another by their mass number only.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

unstable isotopes are

A

radioactive- spontaneously emit radioactive particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

atomic mass number

A

tell us the number of protons and neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

atomic weight

A

the average mass of an elements atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what makes an atom unstable?

A

having an unfilled outer electron shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

first electron shell

A

2 electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

second electron shell

A

8 electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

atoms with unfilled outer electron shells can achieve stability by

A

sharing gaining or losing electrons through chemical reactions w/ other atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

chemical bonds

A

hold the participating atoms together once the reaction has ended
- produces molecules and compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

molecules

A

chemical structures that contain more than one atom bonded together by shared electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

compound

A

any chemical substance made up of atoms of 2 or more elements
- is a new chemical substance w/ properties that can be different from those of its component elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ionic bonds

A

chemical bonds created by the electrical attraction between anions and cations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cations

A

ions with a positive charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

anions

A

ions with a negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

covalent bonds

A

when atoms share electrons with other atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

single covalent bond

A

sharing of one pair of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

double covalent bond

A

sharing of 2 pairs of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

non polar covalent bonds

A

electrons are shared equally, remain electrically neutral, make up most of the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

polar covalent

A

has an unequal sharing between atoms one end is slightly neg/ one is slightly positive
ex: water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hydrogen bond

A

attraction between a slight positive charge of the hydrogen atom of one polar covalent bond and a weak negative charge on an oxygen or nitrogen atom of another polar covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

water molecules attract because of what?

A

hydrogen bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

surface tension

A

acts as a barrier that keeps small objects from entering the water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
chemical notation
complex chemical compounds and reactions that are most easily described with a simple form of "chemical shorthand"
26
Chemical reactions
new chemical bonds form between atoms or existing bonds between atoms are broken
27
work
is movement or a change in the physical structure of matter | ex: running, walking, water to water vapor
28
energy
is the capacity to perform work
29
kinetic energy
energy of motion
30
potential energy
is stored energy
31
decompositon
breaks a molecule into smaller fragments | ex: digestion
32
hydrolisis
one of the bonds in a complex molecule are broken, and the components of a water molecule are added to the resulting fragments
33
catabolism
refers to the decomposition reactions of complex molecules within cells. cells harness energy from broken covalent bonds
34
synthesis
assembles larger molecules from smaller components
35
dehydration synthesis
condensation, formation of a complex molecule by the removal of water opposite of hydrolysis
36
anabolism
is the synthesis of new compounds in the body
37
exchange reaction
parts of the reacting molecules are shuffled around
38
equilibrium
the rates of 2 reactions are in balance
39
activation energy
amount of energy required to start a reaction
40
enzymess
are used to speed up the reactions that support life
41
catalysts
compounds that accelerate chemical reactions without themselves being permanently changed
42
exergonic
reactions that release energy/ the energy released is greater than the activation energy
43
endergonic
more energy is required to begin the reaction than is released as it proceeds/ the reaction as a whole will absorb energy
44
nutrients
the essential elements and molecules obtained from the diet
45
metabolites
include all of the molecules synthesized or broken down by chemical reactions inside our bodies
46
inorganic compounds
small molecules that do not contain carbon and hydrogen atoms
47
organic compounds
are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, can be much larger and more complex than inorganic compounds
48
3 properties of water
- water is a good solvent - water has a very high heat capacity - water is an essential reactant in the chemical reactions of living systems
49
solution
consists of a uniform mixture of a fluid solvent and dissolved solutes
50
ionization
inorganic compounds held together by ionic bonds/ ionic bonds are broken down and surrounded by water
51
an aqueous solution containing anions and cations can do what?
conduct electrical current
52
acid
any substance that breaks apart in solution to release hydrogen ions
53
base
substance that removes hydrogen ions from a solution
54
pH
a number between 0 and 14, pure water is 7(neutral) below 7 is acidic, above 7 is basic or alkaline
55
buffers
compounds that stabilize pH by removing or replacing hydrogen ions
56
salt
ionic compound consisting of any cation except a hydrogen ion and any anion except a hydroxide ion
57
electrolytes
inorganic compounds whose ions can conduct an electrical current in solution
58
steroids
are large lipid molecules composed of four connected rings of carbon atoms
59
cholesterol
is the best known steroid
60
phospholipids
consist of glycerol and 2 fatty acids, linked to a nonlipid group by a phosphate group
61
structural poteins
create 3 dimensional framework for the body, provides strength support and organizationSUPPORT
62
contractile proteins
responsible for muscular contraction MOVEMENT
63
transport proteins
TRANSPORT insoluble liquids, respiratory gases, minerals such as iron, and several hormones are carried in the blood attacted to this
64
protein hormones
can influence the metabolic activities of every cell in the body or affect the function of specific organs or organ systems
65
antibodies
protect us from disease
66
clotting proteins
restrict bleeding following an injury to the cardiovascular system
67
amino acids
20, are the bilding blocks of proteins
68
peptide bond
amino acids are strung together like beads on a string, with the carboxylic acid group of one amino acid attached to the amino group of another
69
peptides
molecules made up of amino acids held together by peptide bonds
70
denaturation
a change in their 3-D shape

Anatomy (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions