Nervous System

Question 1

the nervous system

Answer 1

-“communication system”
-monitors internal and external environments
-evaluates sensory information
-coordinates voluntary and involuntary responses of organ systems
-arrangment
=layout of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 2

neurons

Answer 2

cells that transmit electrical signals

Question 3

3 types of neurons

Answer 3

• sensory (receptors)
• interneurons (analysis and coordination)
• motor (effectors)

Question 4

neuroglia

Answer 4

support neurons

• regulate environment
• provide supporting framework
• act as phagocyte

Question 5

myelination

Answer 5

• a type of neuroglial cell (oligodendrocyte) wraps itself in several thin layers around a neuron
• acts as an insulator
• made mostly of lipids (phospholipid bilayer)
• makes action potential travel faster down the axon

Question 6

speed of an impulse

Answer 6

different neurons conduct impulses at different speeds

Question 7

what are impulses dependent on?

Answer 7

the diameter of the axon involved

-fatter axon= faster impulse

Question 8

muscle contraction (fast or slow)

Answer 8

fast

Question 9

anxiety/ panic during fight or flight (fast or slow)

Answer 9

slow

Question 10

light touch or pressure sensation (fast or slow)

Answer 10

fast

Question 11

pain (fast or slow)

Answer 11

slow

Question 12

what does the cell membrane separate

Answer 12

separates the excessive amounts of + charges on the outside from an excess of - charges on the inside of a cell
-K+, Na+, Cl-, Protein-

Question 13

what are the diseases of the synapse

Answer 13

\/ GABA/ dopamine^
 - epilepsy 
Serotonin \/
 -  Bulimia
Dopamine 
 - \/ Parkinson's disease 
 - ^ schizophrenia 
Serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine 
 - Depression
 - Bipolar disorder

Question 14

central nervous system

Answer 14

relays messages, processes information, analyzes information
- the brain and spinal chord

Question 15

peripheral nervous system

Answer 15

sensory division

motor division

Question 16

sensory division

Answer 16

impulses from sense organs go to CNS

Question 17

motor division

Answer 17

impulses from CNS go to muscles or glands

Question 18

what does the central nervous system consist of?

Answer 18

the brain, brain stem, spinal chord

• protected by bone
• wrapped in meninges (protective layers)
• cerebrospinal fluid
• dura matter

Question 19

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 19

bathes brain, act as shock absorber

Question 20

dura mater

Answer 20

(“hard mother”) outermost covering

Question 21

what hemisphere divides your brain?

Answer 21

the longitudinal fissure

-linked by corpus callosum

Question 22

left hemisphere

Answer 22

speech, language-based skills, mathematical tasks, logical decision making

Question 23

right hemisphere

Answer 23

analyzes sensory information
3-d spatial awareness
emotional context

Question 24

how many lobes of the brain are there?

Answer 24

4 lobes

parietal, frontal, occipital, temporal

Question 25

frontal lobe

Answer 25

main decision making, voluntary movements, intellectual behaviors

Question 26

temporal lobe

Answer 26

hearing, ears located there, emotions, memory processing

Question 27

parietal lobe

Answer 27

sensory awareness, sense of taste, abstract reasoning, body imaging

Question 28

occipital lobe

Answer 28

vision, memory of vision

Question 29

cerebellum

Answer 29

controls muscle memory, like things you do not think about, ex: driving a car

Question 30

thalamus

Answer 30

sits underneath the corpus callosum | regulates consciousness, directs different pieces of info to parts of the brain, ex: smelling purfume

Question 31

brain stem

Answer 31

consists of midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata | - controls functions like breathing and heart rate

Question 32

pons

Answer 32

sensory information is controlled here, direction it to different parts of the body

Question 33

gray matter

Answer 33

cell bodies

Question 34

white matter

Answer 34

axons (white= fat of myelin sheath)

Question 35

male brain

Answer 35

wired w/ more connections in each hemisphere | more white matter (connective cables)

Question 36

female brain

Answer 36

wired with more connections between hemispheres | more gray matter (computational tissue)

Question 37

comparing male v. female brains: cerebellum

Answer 37

opposite connection pattern

Question 38

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 38

lies outside of the CNS - consists of all nerves and associated cells not a part of the brains or spinal cord - includes the cranial nerves - Is divided inso sensory and motor divisions - motor division is further subdivided into 2 divisions

Question 39

the somatic nervous system

Answer 39

regulates activities under conscious control - movement of skeletal muscle (anything under your control) - some involved in reflexes (not under your control)

Question 40

Reflex arch

Answer 40

the path that an impulse travels from sensory detection to muscle action - usually opposes original stimulus - monosynaptic - polysnaptic

Question 41

monosynaptic reflex

Answer 41

- aka stretch or "knee jerk" - sensory neuron interacts directly with the motor neuron - one muscle is involved

Question 42

polysnaptic reflex

Answer 42

- aka "withdrawl" - interneurons involved - controls several muscle groups

Question 43

autonomic nervous system

Answer 43

-regulates activities NOT under your control - automatic, involuntary -divided according to "opposite" actions sypathetic and parasypathetic

Question 44

sypathetic

Answer 44

(fight or flight) accelerator requires quick action

Question 45

parasypathetic

Answer 45

(rest and digest/ feed and breed) brakes does not require quick action

Question 46

eyes S vs P

Answer 46

S: pupil dilation, focus for distance P: pupil constriction, focus for near

Question 47

Salivary Glands S vs P

Answer 47

S: Production decreased P: production is increased

Question 48

Bronchi S vs P

Answer 48

S: increase in diameter P: decrease in diameter

Question 49

Heart Rate S vs P

Answer 49

S: increases P: decreases

Question 50

Stomach S vs P

Answer 50

S: decreases activity P: Gastric juice secreted, activity increases

Question 51

Bladder S vs P

Answer 51

S: Wall relaxed P: wall contracted