Chapter 2 Flashcards
1
Q
adenocarcinoma
A
A malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue.
2
Q
hyperplasia
A
The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues.
3
Q
chromosome
A
A genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell.
4
Q
adenectomy
A
The surgical removal of a gland.
5
Q
medial
A
The direction toward or nearer the midline.
6
Q
midsaggital plane
A
The vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves.
7
Q
infectious disease
A
Illness caused by a living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses.
8
Q
epidemic
A
A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area.
9
Q
inguinal
A
Relating to the groin; refers to the entire lower portion of the abdomen including the groin.
10
Q
distal
A
Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure.
11
Q
dorsal
A
Back of the body or organ.
12
Q
hypertrophy
A
A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissues.
13
Q
ventral
A
Refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ.
14
Q
dyplasia
A
Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs.
15
Q
endemic
A
Referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group, or area.
16
Q
transverse plane
A
The horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions.
17
Q
bloodborne transmission
A
The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood.
18
Q
cytoplasm
A
The material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus.
19
Q
anatomy
A
The study of the structures of the body.
20
Q
endocrine glands
A
Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
21
Q
pelvic cavity
A
The space formed by the hip bones that contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems.
22
Q
hypogastric region
A
The region of the abdomen that is located below the stomach.
23
Q
genetic disorder
A
A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene.
24
Q
exocrine glands
A
Glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts leading either to other organs or out of the body.
25
hypoplasia
The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells.
26
pandemic
A disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide.
27
phenlketonuria
A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing.
28
congenital disorder
An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth.
29
functional disorder
Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified.
30
anomaly
A deviation from what is regarded as normal.
31
nosocomial infection
A disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting.
32
anaplasia
A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other.
33
histology
The microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues.
34
adenomalacia
Abnormal softening of a gland.
35
proximal
Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure.
36
epigastric
The region located above the stomach
37
etiology
The study of the causes of diseases.
38
posterior
Situated in back or on the back part of an organ.
39
hemophilia
A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.
40
aplasia
The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue.
41
iatrogentic illness
Unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment.
42
abdominal cavity
The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion.
43
adenoma
A benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue.
44
stem cells
Unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division.
45
retroperitoneal
Located behind the peritoneum.
46
vector-borne transmission
The spread of a disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease.
47
cephalic
Toward the head.
48
caudal
Toward the lower part of the body.
49
thoracic cavity
The cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs; also known as the chest cavity.
50
physiology
The study of the functions of the body structures.
51
idiopathic disorder
An illness without known cause.
52
peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum
53
homeostasis
The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment.
54
peritoneum
The multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity.
55
adenosclerosis
Abnormal hardening of a gland.
56
umbilicus
The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.
57
communicable disease
Any disease transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects.
58
mesentary
The fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.
59
anterior
Situated in front.
60
geriatrician
A physician who specializes in the care of older people
61
A malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue.
adenocarcinoma
62
The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues.
hyperplasia
63
A genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell.
chromosome
64
The surgical removal of a gland.
adenectomy
65
The direction toward or nearer the midline.
medial
66
The vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves.
midsaggital plane
67
Illness caused by a living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses.
infectious disease
68
A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area.
epidemic
69
Relating to the groin; refers to the entire lower portion of the abdomen including the groin.
inguinal
70
Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure.
distal
71
Back of the body or organ.
dorsal
71
Back of the body or organ.
dorsal
72
A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissues.
hypertrophy
72
A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissues.
hypertrophy
73
Refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ.
ventral
73
Refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ.
ventral
74
Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs.
dyplasia
74
Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs.
dyplasia
75
Referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group, or area.
endemic
75
Referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group, or area.
endemic
76
The horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions.
transverse plane
77
The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood.
bloodborne transmission
77
The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood.
bloodborne transmission
78
The material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus.
cytoplasm
78
The material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus.
cytoplasm
79
The study of the structures of the body.
anatomy
80
Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
endocrine glands
80
Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
endocrine glands
81
The space formed by the hip bones that contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems.
pelvic cavity
82
The region of the abdomen that is located below the stomach.
hypogastric region
82
The region of the abdomen that is located below the stomach.
hypogastric region
83
A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene.
genetic disorder
83
A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene.
genetic disorder
84
Glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts leading either to other organs or out of the body.
exocrine glands
84
Glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts leading either to other organs or out of the body.
exocrine glands
85
The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells.
hypoplasia
85
The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells.
hypoplasia
86
A disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide.
pandemic
87
A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing.
phenlketonuria
87
A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing.
phenlketonuria
88
An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth.
congenital disorder
88
An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth.
congenital disorder
89
Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified.
functional disorder
89
Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified.
functional disorder
90
A deviation from what is regarded as normal.
anomaly
90
A deviation from what is regarded as normal.
anomaly
91
A disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting.
nosocomial infection
91
A disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting.
nosocomial infection
92
A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other.
anaplasia
92
A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other.
anaplasia
93
The microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues.
histology
93
The microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues.
histology
94
Abnormal softening of a gland.
adenomalacia
94
Abnormal softening of a gland.
adenomalacia
95
Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure.
proximal
95
Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure.
proximal
96
The region located above the stomach
epigastric
96
The region located above the stomach
epigastric
97
The study of the causes of diseases.
etiology
98
Situated in back or on the back part of an organ.
posterior
98
Situated in back or on the back part of an organ.
posterior
99
A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.
hemophilia
99
A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.
hemophilia
100
The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue.
aplasia
101
Unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment.
iatrogentic illness
102
The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion.
abdominal cavity
102
The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion.
abdominal cavity
103
A benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue.
adenoma
104
Unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division.
stem cells
104
Unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division.
stem cells
105
Located behind the peritoneum.
retroperitoneal
105
Located behind the peritoneum.
retroperitoneal
106
The spread of a disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease.
vector-borne transmission
106
The spread of a disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease.
vector-borne transmission
107
Toward the head.
cephalic
107
Toward the head.
cephalic
108
Toward the lower part of the body.
caudal
108
Toward the lower part of the body.
caudal
109
The cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs; also known as the chest cavity.
thoracic cavity
109
The cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs; also known as the chest cavity.
thoracic cavity
110
The study of the functions of the body structures.
physiology
110
The study of the functions of the body structures.
physiology
111
An illness without known cause.
idiopathic disorder
112
Inflammation of the peritoneum
peritonitis
112
Inflammation of the peritoneum
peritonitis
112
Inflammation of the peritoneum
peritonitis
113
The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment.
homeostasis
114
The multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity.
peritoneum
115
Abnormal hardening of a gland.
adenosclerosis
115
Abnormal hardening of a gland.
adenosclerosis
115
Abnormal hardening of a gland.
adenosclerosis
116
The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.
umbilicus
116
The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.
umbilicus
117
Any disease transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects.
communicable disease
118
Any disease transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects.
communicable disease
118
The fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.
mesentary
119
The fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.
mesentary
119
Situated in front.
anterior
120
Situated in front.
anterior
121
A physician who specializes in the care of older people
geriatrician
121
A physician who specializes in the care of older people
geriatrician
