chapter 5

Question 1

valvulitis

Answer 1

Inflammation of a heart valve.

Question 2

thrombus

Answer 2

A blood clot attached to the interior wall of a vein or an artery.

Question 3

thrombosis

Answer 3

The abnormal condition of having a thrombus.

Question 4

thrombolytic

Answer 4

Medication that dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up; also known as a clot-busting drug.

Question 5

thrombocytopenia

Answer 5

A condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood.

Question 6

tachycardia

Answer 6

An abnormally rapid resting heart rate.

Question 7

sepsis

Answer 7

A potentially life-threatening infection that results from bacteria or other infectious organisms entering the bloodstream.

Question 8

phlebitis

Answer 8

Inflammation of a vein.

Question 9

pericardium

Answer 9

The double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart.

Question 10

leukopenia

Answer 10

A decrease in the number of disease-fighting white blood cells circulating in the blood.

Question 11

leukocytes

Answer 11

White blood cells that are involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances.

Question 12

leukemia

Answer 12

A type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes found in blood-forming tissues, other organs, and in the circulating blood.

Question 13

hemostasis

Answer 13

to stop or control bleeding

Question 14

erythrocytes

Answer 14

mature red blood cell

Question 15

endocaritis

Answer 15

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.

Question 16

embolus

Answer 16

A foreign object that is circulating in the blood.

Question 17

electrocardiogram

Answer 17

A record of the electrical activity of the myocardium.

Question 18

cholesterol

Answer 18

A fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body.

Question 19

carotid endarterectomy

Answer 19

Surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain.

Question 20

cardiomyopathy

Answer 20

The term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle.

Question 21

bradycardia

Answer 21

An abnormally slow resting heart rate.

Question 22

blood dyscrasia

Answer 22

Any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood.

Question 23

beta blocker

Answer 23

A medication that reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heartbeat.

Question 24

atherosclerosis

Answer 24

Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries.

Question 25

atheroma

Answer 25

A deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall

Question 26

atherectomy

Answer 26

Surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior lining of an artery.

Question 27

anticoagulant

Answer 27

Medication that slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming.

Question 28

angioplasty

Answer 28

The technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel.

Question 29

aneurysm

Answer 29

A localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery.

Question 30

A very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles.

Answer 30

ventricular tachycardia

Question 31

The rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles.

Answer 31

ventricular fibrulation

Question 32

Abnormally swollen veins, usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs.

Answer 32

varicose veins

Question 33

A serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient's blood and the donated blood do not match.

Answer 33

transfusion reaction

Question 34

The blocking of an artery by a thrombus.

Answer 34

thrombotic occlusion

Question 35

A condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood.

Answer 35

thrombocytopenia

Question 36

A diagnostic test performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise.

Answer 36

thallium stress test

Question 37

A form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual impairment, jaw pain, and other symptoms.

Answer 37

temporal arteritis

Question 38

A potentially life-threatening infection that results from bacteria or other infectious organisms entering the bloodstream.

Answer 38

sepsis

Question 39

A peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress.

Answer 39

raynaud's disease

Question 40

A form of anemia caused by a lack of the protein that helps the body absorb vitamin B12

Answer 40

pernicious anemia

Question 41

Low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up; also known as postural hypotension.

Answer 41

orthostatic hypotension

Question 42

The occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup

Answer 42

myocardial infarction

Question 43

A type of cancer in which there is insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow.

Answer 43

myelodysplastic syndrome

Question 44

A blood disorder characterized by anemia in which red blood cells are larger than normal.

Answer 44

megaloblastic anemia

Question 45

The oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythocytes.

Answer 45

hemoglobin

Question 46

A foreign object that is circulating in the blood.

Answer 46

embolus

Question 47

The sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus.

Answer 47

embolism

Question 48

Medication administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water.

Answer 48

diuretic

Question 49

The use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm; also known as cardioversion.

Answer 49

defibrillation

Question 50

Damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery.

Answer 50

coronary thrombosis

Question 51

Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to the heart muscle.

Answer 51

coronary artery disease

Question 52

A condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves.

Answer 52

chronic venous insufficiency

Question 53

A diagnostic and treatment procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or an artery and is guided into the heart.

Answer 53

cardiac catherization

Question 54

An event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively.

Answer 54

cardiac arrest

Question 55

A medication that reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heartbeat.

Answer 55

beta blocker

Question 56

Electronic equipment that automatically samples the heart's electrical rhythms and when necessary, externally shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm.

Answer 56

automated external defibrillator

Question 57

When the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall.

Answer 57

atrial fibrillation

Question 58

The loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat.

Answer 58

arrhythmia

Question 59

A condition characterized by the absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.

Answer 59

aplastic anemia

Question 60

A condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium.

Answer 60

angina

Question 61

A lower-than-normal number of erythrocytes in the blood.

Answer 61

anemia

Question 62

Blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension.

Answer 62

ACE inhibitor