Chapter 2

Question 1

historical perspectives on constraints

Answer 1

• dynamic systems
• biomechanical
• maturational
• perception-action approach
• normative
• info processing
• ecological perspective

Question 2

maturational

Answer 2

developmental change is a result of processes (CNS) which determine motor development

Question 3

normative (1950s)

Answer 3

focused on standardized scores and average performance

Question 4

biomechanical (1950s)

Answer 4

described mechanics of movement used in functional movement

Question 5

info processing (1970)

Answer 5

the brain acts as a computer receiving, processing info, and outputting movement

Question 6

ecological perspective (1980s)

Answer 6

a holistic approach which stresses the relationship between individual, environment and task

• multi system approach:
  1. dynamic systems theory
  2. perception-action theory

Question 7

dynamic systems theory

Answer 7

1980’s
psychological
movement is not hard wired; programs are adaptable to the movement required for the situation
limiters: constraints/ system slows the emergence of a motor skill

Question 8

perception action theory

Answer 8

our development is a process of our interaction with our environment
affordances: the function of an object in our environment (tree for a bird)
body scaling: we use our vision to detect height of the stairs, using info we can then scale the size of our steps to fit (big stairs=bigger steps)

Question 9

ecological perspective =

Answer 9

newell’s model