Chapter 3

Question 1

earth has

Answer 1

has a gravitational pull

-therefore, we interact with gravity in everything we do

Question 2

our movement is then governed by

Answer 2

the principals of motion and stability

Question 3

principals of motion and stability: classified as?

Answer 3

environmental

Question 4

within these principals of motion and stability

Answer 4

we adapt/modify our movement patterns to our constraints

Question 5

motion and stability

Answer 5

• developmental changes in movement occur according to bio mechanical principals
• motion and stability are two principals within the larger field of bio mechanics
• motion and stability are known as physics of movement

Question 6

newtons first law

Answer 6

an object at rest stays at rest, or the an object in motion stays in motion, unless acted upon by a force

1. to move a stationary object, force must be applied to it
2. to change the direction of something moving, force must also be applied to it

Question 7

inertia

Answer 7

resistance to motion (related to mass)

Question 8

momentum

Answer 8

product of mass and velocity

Question 9

first law applied

Answer 9

we use the force to:

• move objects
• move ourselves

Question 10

more inertia means

Answer 10

more force

Question 11

newtons second law

Answer 11

the amount of acceleration an object has when you apply force to it is proportional to the force and inversely proportional to its mass

Question 12

force is related to

Answer 12

acceleration and mass

Question 13

an objects acceleration is then related to

Answer 13

the force applied to it, and inversely related to mass

Question 14

if you want to throw further you must

Answer 14

use more force

Question 15

newtons third law

Answer 15

for every action is an equal and opposite reaction ex) one arm forward and one arm back

Question 16

when does the use of oppositonal movement increase

Answer 16

as we become more skilled at a loco motor movement ex) arms up when learning to walk

Question 17

rotational limb movements (how do we increase the amount of velocity of the ball

Answer 17

1. increase rotational velocity- swing leg faster

2. increase relative length of limb at contact-fully extend the limb at the point of contact

Question 18

to make an object move

Answer 18

-increase force application for a given time ex) karate chop

Question 19

to make an object stop

Answer 19

-increase time over which a given force is applied ex) soft landing in gymnastics

Question 20

to increase stability

Answer 20

1. increase base of support

2. lower center of gravity

Question 21

to increase balance

Answer 21

1. improve stability
2. improve strength, coordination and propriception
   - practice through experience
   - developmentally appropriate activities

Question 22

kinetic chain

Answer 22

-a sequence of related movement; a chain of events
novice learning- movement sequence is detached
-with practice, movement becomes smoother. Eventually the skill is a smooth sequencing of events

Question 23

optimizing movement patterns

Answer 23

• skill development
• key phases of movement
• phases of growth impact learning

Question 24

skill development

Answer 24

children learn to use movement patterns (including motion/stability laws) to optimize our skill performance

Question 25

key phases

Answer 25

1. prepartory phase | 2. application of force through range of motion

Question 26

phases of growth impact learning

Answer 26

physical constaints change with growth coordination changes (neg) known skills may decline

Question 27

principals of motion and stability= movement efficiency

Answer 27

during developmental stages -the amount of force, velocity, and accuracy we use changes and progresses -improved ability to stabilize the body/postures -impacted by growth/movement experience applies across lifespan: -use it or lose it -plasticity (re-learn old skills)

Question 28

observation plan 5 steps

Answer 28

1. observe the complete skill 2. analyze each phase (and its key elements) 3. use your knowledge of mechanisms in your analysis 4. select errors to be corrected 5. decide on appropriate instructional techniques

Question 29

key points

Answer 29

1. the laws on motion and stability act as environmental constraints.... ask rachel 2. stability and balance are two mechanical principals involved in efficient/skilled movement 3. effective observation will incorporate knowledge of mechanics