Chapter 2

Question 1

discovered outer core was liquid

Answer 1

Inge Lehmann

Question 2

How did Inge Lehmann discover the outer core was liquid?

Answer 2

Through Seismic Waves

Question 3

Created theory of continental Drift; Meterologist

Answer 3

Alfred Wegener

Question 4

Super continent that indicted that the land masses drifted apart

Answer 4

Pangaea

Question 5

How Wegener “supported” his theory on Continental Drift

Answer 5

Fossil Evidence
Matching Geologic Units
Glacial Evidence

Question 6

How fossil evidence support continental drift?

Answer 6

Different land mammals and plants were on differing continents separated by oceans

Question 7

How matching geologic units supported continental drift?

Answer 7

There were distinctive rock assemblages with mountain ranges and rock types fitting together (when realligned)

Question 8

How glacial evidence supported continental drift?

Answer 8

Glaciers left marks on lands and rocks that are now oceans apart

Question 9

Key features of the ocean floor

Answer 9

Mid ocean ridges
Deep Trenches
Sea Mountains forming Alignments

Question 10

How was the ocean floor discover to NOT be smooth?

Answer 10

Sonar from submarines (WW2)

Question 11

Where is heat flow greater?

Answer 11

at a mid ocean ridge

Question 12

first plotted that the ocean floor was not flat

Answer 12

marie tharp

Question 13

Creates brand new crust, causes continents to move apart

Answer 13

Sea floor spreading

Question 14

How can you tell how fast sea floor spreading is taking place?

Answer 14

How thick/thin the rock is

Question 15

in terms of SFS, thin =

Answer 15

Slow

Question 16

in terms of SFS, thick =

Answer 16

Fast

Question 17

Type of plate boundaries

Answer 17

Divergent
Convergent
Transform

Question 18

“theory” that the continents fit together accordingly

Answer 18

jigsaw piece

Question 19

separate area of land and shallow seas from the deep ocean basins; mark edge of continents

Answer 19

continental slopes

Question 20

Confirms jigsaw theory by showing these pieces of earth align perfectly

Answer 20

Under water mountain ranges (ancient mountain belts)

Question 21

crustal fractures (also help prove jigsaw theory)

Answer 21

faults

Question 22

Part of Pangaea, assembly of the southern; Assembly of the southern continents

Answer 22

Gondwana

Question 23

What evidence indicates Gondwana?

Answer 23

Glaciation and coal formation suggests the continents were close to south pole. Glacier movement goes out ward indicating a center point towards antartica

Question 24

Why was continental drift rejected?

Answer 24

No viable mechanism to explain continental drift

Question 25

flight away from the poles; flight moved through gravity of equatorial bridge; theory

Answer 25

Polflucht

Question 26

study and measurement of earth's Magnetic field from ancient rocks

Answer 26

Paleomagnetism

Question 27

Where does earth's magnetism come from?

Answer 27

Outer Core

Question 28

What two parts does a compass have?

Answer 28

Horizontal component (swing) & vertical component (tilt)

Question 29

How basalt rock becomes magnetic?

Answer 29

Cools then forms iron oxide

Question 30

measures basalt rock magnetic orientation

Answer 30

magmetometer

Question 31

curve showing magnetic poles moving overtime due to basalt rocks having different magnetic orientations

Answer 31

Polar wander

Question 32

continents drifted based on center point of magnetic field and independently

Answer 32

apparent polar wander

Question 33

Earth's magnetic field periodically reverses itself

Answer 33

Magnetic polarity reversal

Question 34

North end of compass points toward the S geographic pole

Answer 34

Reverse magnetic polarity

Question 35

who created Seas Floor Spreading?

Answer 35

Lawrence Morley, fred vines, drummond matthews

Question 36

Theory/hypothesis that the seafloor moves symmetrical away from major ridges, moving ocean and continents with it

Answer 36

Sea floor spreading

Question 37

True name given to sea floor spreading

Answer 37

"Vine-Matthews-Morley" Hypothesis

Question 38

What did Sea Floor spreading enhance>

Answer 38

Wegener's theory (provided mechanism)

Question 39

Areas in the ocean where lava comes out of the top and assist SFS

Answer 39

Mid Ocean Ridges

Question 40

strip like patterns that indicate the magnetic patterns

Answer 40

Magnetic Anomalies

Question 41

Where is young crust located

Answer 41

Mid Ocean ridge Peak

Question 42

Where is older crust located

Answer 42

Away from Mid ocean Ridge

Question 43

How was the age of SFS tested?

Answer 43

Drilling ship (glomar challenger)

Question 44

Oceanic crust was found to lurch violently back into earth's heated core; ocean floor is consumed

Answer 44

subduction

Question 45

Place where old crust goes for subduction; mainly located in Pacific Ocean

Answer 45

Deep ocean trenches

Question 46

generated along upper boundary of the subducting slab of Ocean

Answer 46

subduction zone

Question 47

line of volcanoes bordering the trenches that encircle the pacific

Answer 47

Pacific ring of fire

Question 48

Resulting line of volcanic islands that are curved and parallel to the adjacent ocean floor

Answer 48

Island arc