Sedimentary Rocks (exam 2)

Question 1

Rocks that form at Earth’s surface; majority of rocks on the continents

Answer 1

Sedimentary rocks

Question 2

How do sedimentary rocks form? (in what structure/system)

Answer 2

Layers known as beds

Question 3

Four type of sedimentary rocks

Answer 3

1. Clastic
2. Biochemical
3. Organic
4. Chemical

Question 4

3 characterizations of Sed rocks

Answer 4

Siliceous, Argillaceous, Carbonate

Question 5

Clay rich rocks

Answer 5

Argillaceous

Question 6

Contain calcite or dolomite (rock)

Answer 6

Carbonate

Question 7

Quartzrich rock and are about 70%-80% of Sedimentary rocks

Answer 7

Siliceous

Question 8

Made of particles of broken rocks cemented together; mineral grains and rock fragments; commonly shale and sandstone

Answer 8

Clastic

Question 9

Two types of lithification

Answer 9

compaction and cementation

Question 10

happens due to burial that adds pressure to sediment; occur in basins; squeezes out air and water; compresses sediment grains

Answer 10

compaction

Question 11

Minerals grow in pore spaces and glues sediment together

Answer 11

cementation

Question 12

How to classify a Sedimentary rock

Answer 12

1. Size
2. Angularity
3. Sorting
4. Sediment maturity
5. Character of cement

Question 13

Types of grain classification

Answer 13

1. Boulders
2. Cobble
3. Pebble
4. Sand
5. Silt
6. Clay

Question 14

As transport distance increases the grain size?

Answer 14

Decreases

Question 15

Super angular indicates

Answer 15

has not traveled as far

Question 16

Not very angular

Answer 16

has traveled fr

Question 17

If fragment is close to source it has?

Answer 17

Poor sorting

Question 18

If fragment is far from source it is?

Answer 18

Well sorted

Question 19

Has large angular clasts and found close to the source

Answer 19

Breccia

Question 20

Large rounded clasts that are slightly further than breccia; near rivers

Answer 20

Conglomerates

Question 21

deposit of alluvial fans; coarse sandstone with a lot of feldspar; immature sandstone

Answer 21

akrose

Question 22

mostly quartz; close to beaches and rivers

Answer 22

Sandstone

Question 23

Form from very low energy quiet waters; fine grained; furthest from the source; thin bed and breaks easily

Answer 23

shale

Question 24

Large clasts in muddy matrix; found in debris flows or glacial till deposits

Answer 24

Diamicite

Question 25

form in tropical waters; mostly made of hell fragments from coral reefs/shell beds; made from hard parts of marine organism shells

Answer 25

biochemical Sed rocks

Question 26

Types of Biochemical sed rocks

Answer 26

1. Fossiliferous Limestone 2. Micrite 3. Chalk

Question 27

Form in deep, cool marine environment after burial

Answer 27

Biochemical Chert

Question 28

Altered remains of fossil vegetation; accumulates in lush, tropical wetland settings; requires deposition in the absence of oxygen

Answer 28

Coal

Question 29

Shale with heat altered organic matter

Answer 29

Oil Shale

Question 30

Form from precipitation of mineral; minerals precipitating from water; interlocking crystals

Answer 30

Chemical Sed Rocks

Question 31

Types of Chemical Rocks

Answer 31

Evaporites, tavertine, precipitated chert

Question 32

Form from evaporated sea water; base mineral is salt; crystallizes mineral over and over again

Answer 32

Evaporites

Question 33

Concentrated in calcium and carbonate; related to volcanoes, thermal hot springs; common in sculpting

Answer 33

Tavertine

Question 34

High concentration of silicate; forms layers; petrified wood

Answer 34

Precipitated chert

Question 35

Three Types of Sedimentary Structures

Answer 35

Bedding (layers), Ripple marks and dunes, cross beds

Question 36

small ridges and troughs on top

Answer 36

RippleMarks

Question 37

Large scale versions of ripple marks in the layer

Answer 37

Dunes

Question 38

What are ripple marks and dunes used to determine

Answer 38

flow direction

Question 39

sediment moving up the gentle side of ripple or dune | slips down steep face

Answer 39

Cross beds

Question 40

Sedimentary rocks can form in 4 types of plate tectonic structures

Answer 40

Rift basins, intercontinental basins, foreland basins, intercontinental basins