Chapter 2

Question 1

Uniform Crime Reports

Answer 1

A Federal Bureau of Investigation program that collects law enforcement statistics from voluntarily participating agencies throughout the United states

Question 2

NCVS- National Crime Victimization Survey

Answer 2

a survey of a nationally representative sample of residences that collects information about crime from victims

Question 3

self-report study

Answer 3

research based on data offered by respondents about themselves

Question 4

dark figure of crime

Answer 4

a term that describes criminal offenses that are unreported to law enforcement officials and never recorded

Question 5

methodology

Answer 5

the rules and principles that govern how research is performed

Question 6

hierarchy rule

Answer 6

the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s practice of recording in the Uniform Crime Reports only the most serious offense in a set of offenses

Question 7

crime rate

Answer 7

the number of offenses divided by the population, usually expressed as a rate of offenses per 100,000 people

Question 8

intimate-partner violence

Answer 8

abuse that occurs between two people in a spousal, domestic, or romantic relationship

Question 9

validity

Answer 9

a statistical property that describes how well a study is measuring what it is designed to measure

Question 10

longitudinal

Answer 10

a type of survey that follows respondents throughout their lives or a significant proportion of their lives

Question 11

cohort

Answer 11

a group of people who share statistical or demographic characteristics

Question 12

cross-sectional survey

Answer 12

research in which different individuals are studied during each research period

Question 13

Jerome Hall’s 7 Crime Requirements

Answer 13

1- the act
2- the legality
3-harm
4-causation
5- concurrence
6- punishment
7-the guilty mind

Question 14

the act requirement

Answer 14

It does not include behavior during sleep or unconsciousness, hypnosis or any behavior that is involuntary

Thinking about killing someone is not a crime. ACting upon the thought is
Failing to register as a sex offender is a crime because the law clearly spells out what you must do.

Question 15

the legality requirement

Answer 15

Individuals must know what the standard is.

The act must be defined by law as criminal

Question 16

the harm requirement

Answer 16

Harm to individual
Damage to property
Loss of property

Question 17

the causation

Answer 17

Causation requires that the actor achieved a result (harm) through his or her own effort

Question 18

the guilty mind requirement

Answer 18

An individual cannot be guilty of a crime unless he or she acted with the knowledge of doing something wrong. The actor must know an act is wrong.

Question 19

concurrence requirement

Answer 19

The act and the intent must concur

For example, if someone throws a rock through a window with the intention of vandalizing property, but the rock hits someone and kills her, then the perpetrator should not be found guilty of murder

Question 20

the punishment requirement

Answer 20

An illegal act combined with criminal intent does not constitute a crime unless the law subjects it to a punishment

Question 21

felonies

Answer 21

severe crimes that are punished with a year or more in prison or with capital punishment

Question 22

misdemeanors

Answer 22

less severe crimes subject to a maximum of one year in jail (may also involve fines.)

Question 23

violations

Answer 23

minor offenses, usually subject only to fines

Question 24

2 types of dark figure of crime

Answer 24

offenses that are not reported

offenses that are reported but not recorded

Question 25

violent offenses

Answer 25

involve force or threat of force | ex: murder, rape

Question 26

property offenses

Answer 26

involve the taking of money or property, but victims suffer no force or threat of force ex: burglary, arson,

Question 27

clearances

Answer 27

the closure of an offense by either arrest or “exceptional means” (i.e. situations beyond a police department’s control that prevent it from arresting and formally charging a suspect- e.g. his death).

Question 28

FBI crime clock

Answer 28

violent crime- every 24.6 sec property crime- every 4.1 sec

Question 29

UCR counts for

Answer 29

violent offenses murder, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault property offenses burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, arson

Question 30

UCR imitations

Answer 30

only offenses reported by police focus of street crime incomplete data

Question 31

Problems with NCVS

Answer 31

respondents - may lie, forget details, incidents that didn't happen under-reporting and over-reporting of victimization

Question 32

National Youth survey family study

Answer 32

It uses a scientific and systematic sampling procedure allowing for generalization to the entire country The study is longitudinal —a type of survey that follows respondents throughout their lives or a significant proportion of their lives.