Chapter 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

takes up space and has mass

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

simplest type of matter

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

smallest particle of an element

Question 4

Bulk Element

Answer 4

required by the body in large amounts (CHONP)

Question 5

Trace Element

Answer 5

required by the body in small amounts

Question 6

Atomic Mass

Answer 6

number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom of an element

Question 7

Atomic Number

Answer 7

number of protons in an atom of an element

Question 8

Ion

Answer 8

atom that can gain or lose electrons

Question 9

Cation

Answer 9

a (+) charged ion, forms when loses electrons

Question 10

Anion

Answer 10

a (-) charged ion, forms when gaining electrons

Question 11

Ionic Bonds

Answer 11

electrons are transfered (attraction between cation and anion)

Question 12

Covalent Bonds

Answer 12

chemical bonds that share electrons

Question 13

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 13

weak bond between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom

Question 14

Synthesis Rxn

Answer 14

complex chemical structure is formed

Question 15

Decomposition Rxn

Answer 15

bonds are broken to form chemical structure

Question 16

Exchange Rxn

Answer 16

chemical bonds are broken and new bonds form

Question 17

Reversible Rxn

Answer 17

products can change back to reactants and reactants can create products

Question 18

Acid

Answer 18

the release of hydrogen ions; ph lower than 7

Question 19

Base

Answer 19

release of hydroxyl ions; ph higher than 7

Question 20

Salt

Answer 20

electrolytes formed by an acid and base

Question 21

Alkalosis

Answer 21

blood ph rises to 7.5-7.8

symptoms: high breathing, high fever, excess antacids

Question 22

Acidosis

Answer 22

blood ph drops to 7.0-7.3

symptoms: vomiting, diabetes

Question 23

Organic Molecule

Answer 23

contains carbon and hydrogen, dissolve in water and organic liquids, macromolecules

Question 24

Inorganic Molecule

Answer 24

does not contain Carbon and hydrogen , dissolves in water

Question 25

Carbohydrates

Answer 25

carbs are the main source of cellular energy, they are used for short term energy, and they contain (CHO)

Question 26

Lipids

Answer 26

used/store long term energy, insolvable in water, and component of cell membrane

Question 27

Three types of lipids

Answer 27

triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids

Question 28

Proteins

Answer 28

used as structural material, hormones, and enzymes

Question 29

Structure of Amino Acid

Answer 29

amino group, carboxyl group, a unique R group

Question 30

Nucleic Acids

Answer 30

carry genetic code or aid in protein synthesis

Question 31

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Answer 31

5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base