Chapter 4

Question 1

Cellular Metabolism

Answer 1

combination of all chemical reactions occuring in a cell

Question 2

Anabolism

Answer 2

small molecules built into larger ones

Question 3

Catabolism

Answer 3

larger molecules broken down into smaller ones

Question 4

Enzymes

Answer 4

catalytic proteins that increase the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

Question 5

Substrate

Answer 5

molecule on which an enzyme acts

Question 6

Active Site

Answer 6

part of an enzyme molecule that temporarily binds a molecule

Question 7

Activation Energy

Answer 7

energy required to intiate a chemical reaction

Question 8

Factors that can affect enzymes

Answer 8

excess heat 
radiation 
specific chemicals 
extreme ph valves 
poisons

Question 9

Cellular Respiration

Answer 9

reaction that transfers energy from molecules for cellular use

Question 10

Glycolysis

Answer 10

splits 1 glucose into 2 pyruvic acids
location: cytoplasm
final product: 4 ATPs but only 2 are used, 2 NADH and H+ ions

Question 11

Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 11

pyruvic acid is converted into Acetyl ColA
location: mitochondria
final product: 2 ATPS, NADH and FADH2, 2 CO2

Question 12

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 12

NADH and FADH2 caring H+ ions and electrons to ETC ATP synthesis occurs
location: mitochondria
final product: 32-34 ATPS

Question 13

DNA replication

Answer 13

1. hydrogen bonds break between base pairs
2. strands unwinds and seperates
3. new nucleotides pairs with exposed bases under DNA polymerase
4. other enzymes connect new sugar phosphates backbone

Question 14

mRNA

Answer 14

carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes

Question 15

tRNA

Answer 15

aligns amino acids during protein synthesis

Question 16

rRNA

Answer 16

type of RNA that forms part of ribosomes

Question 17

Transcription

Answer 17

copying DNA onto an RNA sequence

Question 18

Translation

Answer 18

converting genetic code carried by mRNA into a sequence of amino acids