Chapter 3

Question 1

What is the basic unit of life?

Answer 1

a cell

Question 2

3 major parts of a composite cell

Answer 2

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

Question 3

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 3

Hydrophilic head and Hydrophobic tails

Question 4

Mutation in Na (sodium)

Answer 4

can cause inability to feel pain

Question 5

Mutation in K (potassium)

Answer 5

disrupt electrical activity of the heart

Question 6

abnormal Cl channels

Answer 6

cna cause Cystic Fibrosis

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

a network of membranes and organelles suspended in cytosol

Question 8

Cytosol

Answer 8

fluid portion of the cytoplasm

Question 9

Organelles

Answer 9

tiny “organs” of the cell

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

enzyme activity to link A.A in protein synthesis

Question 11

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 11

Rough ER- protein synthesis

Smooth ER- lipid synthesis

Question 12

Vesicles

Answer 12

membranous sacs that store or transport substances

Question 13

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 13

membranous sacs refines, packages and delivers proteins made in RER

Question 14

Mitochondria

Answer 14

a double membrane sac that extracts energy from nutrients used to make ATP and use for cellular respiration

Question 15

Lysosomes

Answer 15

small membranous sacs that acts like a cells garbage disposal

Question 16

Centrosomes

Answer 16

produce spindal fibers during cell division

Question 17

Cilia

Answer 17

Propel mucus in respiratory tract, propel egg toward uterus

Question 18

Flagella

Answer 18

motile extensions of cell membrane

Question 19

Cytoskeleton

Answer 19

threadlike structures in cytoplasm

Question 20

Vacuoles

Answer 20

store food and nutrients, might remove waste

Question 21

MELAS

Answer 21

mutant gene in mitochondrial DNA and person cannot extract energy from nutrients

Question 22

Krabbe Disease

Answer 22

inability to break down a lysosomal enzyme that is necessary to break down glycolipids into nerve cells

Question 23

ADL

Answer 23

caused by the lack of proteins in the membrane of peroxisomes, fatty acid build up, destroys nerve cells

Question 24

Three parts of cell nucleus

Answer 24

Nuclear Envelope- seperates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm
Nucleulus- dense body of RNA, site of ribosomes production
Chromatin- stores information for protein synthesis

Question 25

Diffusion

Answer 25

movement of high to low concentration; no ATP required

Question 26

Osmosis

Answer 26

diffusion of water from a region of high to low concentration

Question 27

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 27

diffusion across cell membrane through channel proteins; no ATP

Question 28

Endocytosis

Answer 28

movement of a substance into the cell

Question 29

Pinocytosis

Answer 29

engulfs droplets of liquids; form of endocytosis

Question 30

Phagocytosis

Answer 30

engulfs solid particules; form of endocytosis

Question 31

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Answer 31

membrane engulfs substance which have bound to receptor proteins

Question 32

Exocytosis

Answer 32

release of a substance

Question 33

Isotonic

Answer 33

same osmotic pressure; no net movement

Question 34

Hypertonic

Answer 34

cells lose water; cell shrivel up

Question 35

Hypotonic

Answer 35

cells gain water; cell ruptures

Question 36

What is the Cell Cycle?

Answer 36

a series of changes a cell goes from the time it forms until the time it divides

Question 37

Interphase

Answer 37

cell grows and maintain normal function, replicates DNA; consists of the S phase and G2 phase

Question 38

Mitosis

Answer 38

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Question 39

Cytokinesis

Answer 39

division of the cytoplasm; G1 phase

Question 40

Prophase

Answer 40

chromatin condenses and nucleolus disperses

Question 41

Metaphase

Answer 41

chromosomes attach to spindle fibers and align midway between centrioles

Question 42

Anaphase

Answer 42

chromosomes separate and move opposite directions

Question 43

Telophase

Answer 43

chromosomes return to chromatin structure, nucleoli become visible

Question 44

2 types of tumors

Answer 44

benign and malignant

Question 45

2 types of genes that cause cancer

Answer 45

oncogenes- genes that control cell cycle but over expressed | Tumor supressor- nomally limit mitosis but inactivated they cant regulate mitosis