Chapter 2

Question 1

Mineralogy

Answer 1

The study of Minerals

Question 2

Mineral

Answer 2

A naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid that has a specific chemical composition.

Question 3

Rocks

Answer 3

Naturally formed aggregates of mineral or mineral-like substances.

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

The smallest Electrically neutral assemblies of energy and matter that we know exist in the universe.

Question 5

Element

Answer 5

A specific type of atom.

Question 6

Atomic Number

Answer 6

The total number of protons in an atom.

Question 7

The Atomic Mass number

Answer 7

The total number of neutrons and protons in an atom.

Question 8

Isotopes

Answer 8

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons.

Question 9

Atomic Weight

Answer 9

The average weight of an atom.

Question 10

Ion

Answer 10

An atom that has a surplus or deficit of electrons relative to the number protons. Giving it a positive electrical charge.

Question 11

Cation

Answer 11

a positively charged ion that has fewer electrons than protons.

Question 12

Anion

Answer 12

A negatively charged particle that has more electrons than protons.

Question 13

Ionic Bonding

Answer 13

Atoms that have different charges are attracted to one another form these bonds.

Question 14

covalent Bonding

Answer 14

Bonding with adjacent atoms were electrons are shared.

Question 15

What are Polymorphs

Answer 15

Minerals with different crystal structure, but with identical chemical composition.

Question 16

Metallic Bonding

Answer 16

Atoms are closely packed and the electrons move freely throughout the crystal so as to hold the atoms together.

Question 17

Silica

Answer 17

Oxygen combined with silicon.

Question 18

Silicates

Answer 18

Substances that contain silica.

Question 19

Silicon-oxygentetrahedron

Answer 19

The basic building block of a crystal.

Question 20

Isolated Silicate Structure

Answer 20

Silicate minerals that are structured so that none of the oxygen atoms are shared by tetrahedra.

Question 21

chain silicate structre

Answer 21

When two oxygen atoms are shared with adjacent tetrahedra to form a chain.

Question 22

Sheet Silicate Structure

Answer 22

Three oxygen atoms are shared to form a sheet and those sheets are held together by positive ions.

Question 23

Framework Silicate STructure

Answer 23

Three oxygen ions are shared by adjacent tetrahedra. Quartz and feldspar are examples.

Question 24

Compositional Zoning

Answer 24

Minerals that are dominated by different types of cation giving it the tree ring shape.

Question 25

streak

Answer 25

The color of powder formed when a mineral is crushed

Question 26

Luster

Answer 26

The light that is reflected from a mineral.

Question 27

Metallic Luster

Answer 27

Luster is eater metallic or nonmetallic.

Question 28

viteous

Answer 28

A fancy way of saying Glassy Luster.

Question 29

What are the 10 minerals on Mohs scale of hardness?

Answer 29

1. Talc 2. gypsum 3. calcite 4. fluorite 5. Apatite 6. Feldspar 7. Quartz 8. Topaz 9. Corundum 10. Diamond

Question 30

Crystal Form

Answer 30

The set geometric shape of a mineral in relationship to each other.

Question 31

What is the Law of Constancy of interfacial angles?

Answer 31

When minerals always form in the same geometric shape.

Question 32

cleavage

Answer 32

The ability of a mineral to break along preferred planes.

Question 33

Fracture

Answer 33

The way a substance breaks where not controlled by cleavage.

Question 34

Density

Answer 34

Weight per given volume.

Question 35

Specific Gravity

Answer 35

The ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water, determined at a specific temperature.

Question 36

Striations

Answer 36

Straight parallel lines on the flat surfaces of crystal faces.

Question 37

Precipitates

Answer 37

Products of crystallizing liquid.

Question 38

Sublimation

Answer 38

Minerals that crystallize directly from volcanic gases around volcanic vents.

Question 39

what is a Conchoidal Fracture?

Answer 39

When a mineral breaks and it looks like a clam shell

Question 40

Carbonites

Answer 40

Minerals that do not contain Silicon.

Question 41

What do Carbonates have in their chemical formula?

Answer 41

C0^3

Question 42

What do Sulfates have in their chemical formula?

Answer 42

S0^4

Question 43

What do Sulfides have in their chemical Formula?

Answer 43

S

Question 44

What is the unique property of oxides.

Answer 44

Oxides do not have oxygen bonded to silicon.

Question 45

What is unique about chlorides?

Answer 45

contains cl

Question 46

Native Elements

Answer 46

have only one Element in their formulas. Aka gold