Chapter 6

Question 1

detrital Sediments

Answer 1

Weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks

Question 2

Chemical Sediments

Answer 2

Precipitation from solution, including, secretion by organisms in water.

Question 3

Unconsolidated

Answer 3

The grains are separated or unattached from one another.

Question 4

Sorting

Answer 4

The process by which sediment grains are selected and separated according to grain size.

Question 5

deposition

Answer 5

When transported material settles.

Question 6

Environment of Deposition

Answer 6

The location in which deposition occurs, usually marked by characteristic physical, chemical or biological conditions.

Question 7

Cement

Answer 7

The solid material that fills in the gaps in sand t glue it all together

Question 8

What are the three types of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 8

Detrital
Chemical
Organic

Question 9

lithigication

Answer 9

the processes by which sediment is turned into sedimentary rock.

Question 10

What are two common minerals that often act as a cement in sedimentary rocks?

Answer 10

Silica.

Calcite.

Question 11

Chemical Sedimentary Rocks.

Answer 11

A rock composed of material precipitated directly from solution.

Question 12

Organic Sedimentary Rocks

Answer 12

Rocks that are composed of organic carbon compounds. Coal would be an example.

Question 13

What are Terrigenous Clastic Rocks?

Answer 13

Detrital Sedimentary rocks.

Question 14

What is a matrix in sand stone?

Answer 14

Fine-grained material found in the pore space between larger sediment grains.

Question 15

What are Detrital Rocks made up of?

Answer 15

Quartz and Feldspar
Clay minerals
rock fragments.

Question 16

What is a dolostone

Answer 16

A sedimentary rock composed mostly of the mineral dolomite

Question 17

What are the two types of limestone?

Answer 17

biochemical and inorganic

Question 18

What are evaporites

Answer 18

The general term used for any rock formed from crystals that precipitates from saline water in hot, arid climates.

Question 19

What is Recrystallization?

Answer 19

A common occurrence in limestone, in which new calcite crystals are developed under the weight of overlying sediment.

Question 20

What kind of sedimentary rock is coal?

Answer 20

Organic Sedimentary.

Question 21

What is a bedding plane?

Answer 21

A nearly flat surface separating two beds of sedimentary rock.

Question 22

What are graded beds in sand dunes?

Answer 22

A single bed with coarse grains at eh bottom bed and progressively finer grains toward the top of the bed.

Question 23

Turbidity Current

Answer 23

A turbulently flowing mass of sediment-laden water that is heavier than clear water and therefore flows downslope along the bottom of the sea or a lake.

Question 24

Mud cracks

Answer 24

Polygonal crack formed n very fine-grained sediment as it dries.

Question 25

What is Original Horizontality

Answer 25

The deposition of most water-laid sediment in horizontal or near-horizontal layers that are essentially parallel to earth surface

Question 26

what are cross beds?

Answer 26

an arrangement of relatively thin layers of rock inclined at an angle to the more nearly horizontal bedding planes of the larger rock unit. Long story short the layers are not parallel to the earth.

Question 27

Fossils

Answer 27

The remains of organisms preserved in sedimentary rock.

Question 28

What is a formation

Answer 28

A body of rock of considerable thickness aht is large enough to be mappable, and with characteristics that distinguish it from adjacent rock. Long story short they use it to learn about the geology of the area.

Question 29

What is a transgression?

Answer 29

When sea levels rise or the land subsides, causing large continental areas to be flooded.

Question 30

what is fissility

Answer 30

The ability of a rock to break along a plane.

Question 31

What is the source area?

Answer 31

The area that a sediment was eroded from a sedimentary rock.

Question 32

What is a clastic texture?

Answer 32

An arrangement of rock fragments bound into a rigid network by cement.

Question 33

what is chert?

Answer 33

A hard, compact, fine-grained sedimentary rock formed almost entirely of silica.

Question 34

What is shale made up of?

Answer 34

Silt and Clay

Question 35

What is Sedimentary Breccia

Answer 35

A coarse-grained sedimentary rock formed by the cementation of course, angular fragments of rubble.

Question 36

What is an Alluvial Fan?

Answer 36

A large fan-shaped pile of sediment that usually forms were a stream's velocity decreases as it emerges from a narrow canyon onto a flat plain at the foot of a mountain range.