Chapter 2: Acids and Bases

Question 1

bronsted-lowry acid

Answer 1

proton donor

Question 2

bronsted-lowry base

Answer 2

proton acceptor

Question 3

bronsted-lowry acid examples

Answer 3

HCl
H2SO4
H2O

Question 4

bronsted-lowry base examples

Answer 4

NH3
NH2
CH3O

Question 5

all bronsted-lowry bases contain what

Answer 5

a lone pair or a pi bond

Question 6

acid base reactions

Answer 6

transfer of proton from acid to base

Question 7

an acid base reaction will create

Answer 7

a new bond to the proton of the acid making a conjugate acid of the base

Question 8

bases are electron (rich/poor)

Answer 8

rich

Question 9

acids are electron (rich / poor)

Answer 9

poor

Question 10

acid strength

Answer 10

tendency to donate a proton

Question 11

acidity

Answer 11

measured by pKa

Question 12

Ka

Answer 12

[products] / [reactants]

Question 13

pKa

Answer 13

log Ka

Question 14

the smaller the pKa the (stronger / weaker) the acid

Answer 14

stronger

Question 15

the strongest acid will have the (strongest / weakest) base

Answer 15

weakest base

Question 16

the weakest acid will have the (strongest / weakest) base

Answer 16

strongest

Question 17

equilibrium always favors the

Answer 17

weaker acid or base

Question 18

what are the four factors of acidity

Answer 18

elemental
inductive
resonance
hybridization

Question 19

elemental effects

Answer 19

trends in the periodic table, strength increases as size increases when attached to only H

Question 20

inductive forces

Answer 20

pull of electron density through sigma bonds caused by electronegative differences, the more electronegative an atom the closer it is to the site of the negative charge

Question 21

resonance effects

Answer 21

delocalization of charge through resonance structures,
the more resonance structures the more acidic

Question 22

hybridization effects

Answer 22

higher s-character = higher acidity

Question 23

organic acids

Answer 23

HCl and H2SO4

Question 24

oxygen bases

Answer 24

sodium hydroxide
sodium methoxide
sodium ethoxide
potassium tert-butoxide

Question 25

nitrogen bases

Answer 25

sodium amide lithium disopropylamine

Question 26

all strong bases have a _________ net charge

Answer 26

negative

Question 27

carbians

Answer 27

negatively charged carbon atom (strong base)

Question 28

amines

Answer 28

basic due to lone pair on N, weak base

Question 29

asprin

Answer 29

ionic form, soluble in aq blood stream and transported to tissues when needed

Question 30

protonated asprin

Answer 30

becomes neutral and passes through the cell membrane to inhibit chem rxns

Question 31

lewis acid

Answer 31

electron pair acceptor, electron deficient, all BL acids are also lewis acids

Question 32

lewis base

Answer 32

electron pair donor, lone pair or electron pair in pi bond

Question 33

not all lewis acids are

Answer 33

Bronsted-lowry acids

Question 34

electrophile

Answer 34

lewis acid

Question 35

nucleophile

Answer 35

lewis base