Chapter 3: Functional Groups

Question 1

functional group

Answer 1

an atom or group of atoms with characteristic chemical and physical properties

Question 2

functional groups are attached to

Answer 2

carbon backbones made of C-C and C-H

Question 3

heteroatoms

Answer 3

atoms other than C or H

Question 4

pi bonds

Answer 4

most commonly found in C-C and C-O double bonds

Question 5

function groups determine

Answer 5

geometry
physical properties
reactivity

Question 6

heteroatoms

Answer 6

have higher electronegative, creates electron deficient sites on carbon with their lone pairs

Question 7

hydrocarbons

Answer 7

anything that is only made of hydrogen and carbons

Question 8

types of hydrocarbons

Answer 8

alkanes
alkenes
alkynes
aromatic

Question 9

ion ion intermolecular forces

Answer 9

oppositely charged particles
very strong
ionic bonds

Question 10

van der waals forces

Answer 10

london forces,
very weak,
caused by momentary changes in electron density,
in all compounds

Question 11

dipole dipole intermolecular forces

Answer 11

permanent between 2 polar molecules
alignment of oppositely partial charges
stronger than weak vanderwals
net dipole moment

Question 12

hydrogen bonding

Answer 12

H bonded O, F, N
strongest

Question 13

when the surface area is large the intermolecular forces are (stronger / weaker)

Answer 13

stronger

Question 14

when the polarity is high the strength of intermolecular forces

Answer 14

increases

Question 15

boiling point

Answer 15

temp required to get liq to gas

Question 16

strong intermolecular forces have what effect on boiling points

Answer 16

makes them increase

Question 17

bigger surface area (increases / decreases) boiling point

Answer 17

increases

Question 18

melting point

Answer 18

the temperature at which solid turns to liquid

Question 19

strong intermolecular forces do what to melting point

Answer 19

increase

Question 20

the more symmetrcal a fucntional group is

Answer 20

the higher the melting point

Question 21

solubility

Answer 21

the amount of energy needed to break interactions between molecules or ions of the solute

Question 22

like dissolves

Answer 22

like

Question 23

ionic compounds solubilty

Answer 23

most are soluble in water
most insoluble in org. compounds
ion-ion has to be replaced by ion-dipole

Question 24

organic compound solubilty

Answer 24

soluble in water if it contians one polar functional group for every 5 carbons

Question 25

hydrophobic

Answer 25

not attracted to water

Question 26

hydrophyllic

Answer 26

attracted to water

Question 27

cholesterol

Answer 27

is both hydrophyllic and hydrophobic

Question 28

vitamins

Answer 28

organic compounds that are needed in small amount but cannot be synthesized by the body, must be obtained through diets

Question 29

vitamin A (retional)

Answer 29

helps with vision, found in carrots, water insoluble

Question 30

Vitamin C (asorbic acid)

Answer 30

helps with the formation of collagen, citrus fruits, water-soluble

Question 31

soap

Answer 31

polar head and nonpolar fatty acid tail, the polar head will interact with the water and break off of the fatty acid tail, the tail will absorb all of the dirt

Question 32

crown ethers

Answer 32

cyclic ethers with a lot of oxygen atoms that bind to specific cations depending on their cavity size