Chapter 4: Alkanes

Question 1

acyclic hydrocarbons are also called

Answer 1

aliphatic

Question 2

aliphatic hydrocarbon characteristics

Answer 2

only linear and branched structures, no rings, have the maximum amount of hydrogens for each carbon

Question 3

saturated hydrocarbons

Answer 3

have the maximum amount og hydrogens for each carbon

Question 4

formula for saturated/ acyclic/ aliphatic hydrocarbons

Answer 4

CnH2n+2

Question 5

cycloalkanes

Answer 5

carbons in a ring, less stable than a straight chain

Question 6

formula for cycloalkanes

Answer 6

CnH2n

Question 7

constitutional isomers

Answer 7

1 different compounds with the same formula

Question 8

constitutional isomers are also called

Answer 8

structural isomers

Question 9

all alkanes end with

Answer 9

-ane

Question 10

1 carbon chain

Answer 10

methane

Question 11

2 carbon chain

Answer 11

ethane

Question 12

3 carbon chain

Answer 12

propane

Question 13

4 carbon chain

Answer 13

butane

Question 14

5 carbon chain

Answer 14

pentane

Question 15

6 carbon chain

Answer 15

hexane

Question 16

7 carbon chain

Answer 16

heptane

Question 17

8 carbon chain

Answer 17

octane

Question 18

9 carbon chain

Answer 18

nonane

Question 19

10 carbon chain

Answer 19

decane

Question 20

all cycloalkanes start with

Answer 20

cyclo-

Question 21

alkyls

Answer 21

removing one hydrogen from an alkane

Question 22

how to label alkanes

Answer 22

1. find the longest straight chain of carbons
2. number the atoms
3. name and number the substituents

Question 23

where do alkanes naturally occur

Answer 23

gas and petroleum

Question 24

refining

Answer 24

the distillation of petroleum to separate it into useable fractions with different boiling points

Question 25

properties of alkanes

Answer 25

only have van-der-waals forces, only have nonpolar bonds, insoluble in water, soulble in organic solvents, low MP and BP

Question 26

what effect does branching of alkanes have on boiling point

Answer 26

boiling point will decrease due to higher surface area

Question 27

what effect does symmetry have on alkanes melting point

Answer 27

symmetry increases the melting point

Question 28

what are the two types of conformations for alkanes

Answer 28

eclipsed and staggered

Question 29

eclipsed conformation

Answer 29

bonds are directly aligned

Question 30

staggered conformation

Answer 30

bonds are not directly aligned

Question 31

rotating 60 degrees from on conformation will result in

Answer 31

the other conformation

Question 32

dihedral angles

Answer 32

angle that separates a bond on one atom from a bond on an adjacent atom

Question 33

newman projections

Answer 33

way to draw staggered and eclipsed conformations, using dots and ring

Question 34

ethane in staggered conformation is more

Answer 34

stable

Question 35

torsional energy

Answer 35

the energy difference between staggered and eclipsed conformations

Question 36

torsional strain

Answer 36

increase in energy caused by eclipsing certain molecules

Question 37

torsional strain

Answer 37

increase in energy caused by eclipsing certain molecules

Question 38

intermediate in energy

Answer 38

conformations that are neither eclipsed nor staggered

Question 39

the closer the large groups are has what effect on energy

Answer 39

increases the energy due to dihedral angles

Question 40

anti staggered

Answer 40

when large groups are far