Chapter 2 Atoms, Melocules And Water Flashcards by Syd xxx

Q

______________ makes up the nucleus of am atom

A

Proton and neutrons

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Living organisms are composed of which atoms?

A

Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond with another atom is termed its

A

Electro negativity

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Hydrogen bonds differ from covalent a bonds in that

A

Covalent so bond involve sharing of electrons between atoms, but hydrogen bonds are the result of weak attractions between a hydrogen atom of a polar molecule and an electronegative atom of another polar bond

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

A free radical

A

Is an atom with one unpaired electron in its outer shell and can cause considerable cellular damage

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Chemical reactions in living organisms

A

Requires energy to begin/usually requires a catalyst to speed up the process/are usually reversible/occurred in liquid environment such as water

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

So lutes that easily dissolve in water are said to be

A

Hydrophilic and polar molecules

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms of a molecule is its

A

Molecular mass

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Reactions in which water is used to break apart other molecules are known as _______ reactions

A

Hydrolysis

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Atoms

A

The smallest functional units of matter

Can form into chemical elements and cannot be further broken down

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Covalent bonds

A

Atoms share a pair of electrons, can occur between atoms whose outer shells are not full
Strong bonds
Atoms tend to be more Stable when outer shell is filled with electrons

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Electronegativity

A

Measure of its ability to attract electrons in a bond with another atom

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Polar covalent bonds

A

A covalent bond between two atoms that have different electronegativities; the shared electrons are closer to the atom of higher electronegativity than the atom with lower electronegativity.

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Polar molecules

A

A molecule continuing significant numbers of polar bonds

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Non polar covalent bond

A

A strong bond formed between two atoms of similar electronegativities in which electrons are shared between the atoms

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Cations

A

I answered have a net positive charge

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Anions

A

Ions with a net negative charge

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Ionic bond

A

Occurs when a cation binds to an anion

Na+ and Cl- forms NaCl table salt

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Ions

A

Formed when an atom gains or loses electrons

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Chemical reaction

A

Occurs when one or more substances are changed into other substances by making or breaking of chemical bonds

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Hydrophilic

A

Water loving

Molecules that contain and ionic and/or polar covalent bonds dissolve in water

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Hydrophobic

A

Water fearing

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Amphipathic

Study These Flashcards

A

Both loves

May to into spheres called micelles

Q

Protons

Study These Flashcards

A

Positive, found a nucleus, same number as electrons

Neutrons

Neutral, found a nucleus, number can vary

Electrons

Negative, found in the orbitals, same number as protons

Rutherford's experiment

Hypothesized that atoms in a thin sheet of gold foil would be composed of diffuse, evenly distributed positive charges that would cause alpha particles to be slightly deflected as they pass through

Rutherford's results

98% were undeflected <2% were slightly deflected 0.01% bounced back Conclusion: most of the volume of an atom is empty space, with the positive charges concentrated in small volume

Most of the mass of an atom is found in the

Nucleus

Diameter of atom

100,000 times the diameter of atomic nucleus

Orbitals

Areas in which the probability of finding an electron is high S orbitals - spherical P orbitals - propeller

Potential energy

Is the energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

Energy

Is defined as the capacity to cause change

Moles | 1 mole of any element contains

6.022x10^23

Isotopes

Multiple forms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons

Radioisotopes

Unstable isotopes found in nature Lose energy through radiation Emit subatomic particles

32P has an atomic number of 15. How many neutrons does 32P have?

17

Nitrogen is more electronegative than hydrogen. In ammonia (NH3), nitrogen is joined to three hydrogen atoms by covalent bonds. The nitrogen atom tajes on a _____________ charge

Positive

Heat of vaporization

Heat required to vaporize 1 mole of any substance at its boiling point under standard pressure

Heat of fusion

Heat that must be released from substance to cause a change from a liquid to a solid state

Specific heat

Keep required per unit of mass to raise the temperature of that mass by 1°C

Solutes

Substances dissolved in a liquid

Solvent

Liquid in which they are dissolved

Solution

Solutes dissolved in a solvent

Acids

I molecules that release hydrogen ions in solution

Base

I'm OK with that lowers a hydrogen plus concentration

Which of the following has the highest concentration of hydrogen plus ions a. pH 2 b. pH 6 c. Ph8 d. ph 14

PH two

Dehydration

Removal of a water molecule to form a covalent bond between two modules

Evaporation

How to animals this a paid body heat by removing heat from skin and respiratory tract

Cohesion

Between water molecules aids in movement through vessels of plants

Adhesion

Between water molecules and other surfaces allows it to line surfaces and act as a lubricant in digestive tracts, between bones, etc

Which of the following has the highest concentration of hydrogen plus ions a. pH 2 b. pH 6 c. Ph8 d. ph 14

PH two

Dehydration

Removal of a water molecule to form a covalent bond between two modules

Evaporation

How to animals this a paid body heat by removing heat from skin and respiratory tract

Cohesion

Between water molecules aids in movement through vessels of plants

Adhesion

Between water molecules and other surfaces allows it to line surfaces and act as a lubricant in digestive tracts, between bones, etc