Chapter 2: Chemical Level of Organization

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

the sum of all the chemical reactions in the body

Question 2

When do chemical reactions occur?

Answer 2

when new bonds and/or old bonds are broken

Question 3

Exergonic Reaction

Answer 3

releases energy by breaking a bond

Question 4

Endergonic Reaction

Answer 4

requires that energy be added to form a bond

Question 5

Energy

Answer 5

the capacity to do work

Question 6

Energy is ___ in a chemical reaction.

Answer 6

transferred

Question 7

Kinetic Energy

Answer 7

energy of matter in motion

Question 8

Potential Energy

Answer 8

energy stored by matter due to an object’s position in space, or stored in chemical bonds.

Question 9

Activation Energy

Answer 9

the energy required to break chemical bonds in the reactant molecules so a reaction can start

Question 10

Chemical reactions increase with temperature, reactant concentration, and presence of a ____.

Answer 10

catalyst

Question 11

Catalysts

Answer 11

speed up reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 12

Do catalysts get consumed?

Answer 12

NO

Question 13

True or False: Catalysts are used over and over again, often several million times per second.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What are the 4 types of chemical reactions?

Answer 14

• synthesis reactions
• decomposition reactions
• exchange reactions
• reversible reactions

Question 15

Synthesis Reaction is also called ___.

Answer 15

anabolism

Question 16

Anabolism

Answer 16

A+B= AB

Question 17

Decomposition Reactions are also called ___.

Answer 17

Catabolism

Question 18

Catabolism

Answer 18

AB = A+B

Question 19

Exchange Reactions

Answer 19

AB + CD = AD + CB

Question 20

Reversible Reactions

Answer 20

AC = A + C

Question 21

Inorganic Compounds

Answer 21

structurally simple molecules that usually lack carbon

Question 22

What is an example of an inorganic compound?

Answer 22

KCI (salt potassium chloride)

Question 23

Organic Compounds

Answer 23

always contain carbon and usually large, complex molecules.

Question 24

Organic compounds usually contain ___ and always have ___.

Answer 24

hydrogen…covalent bonds

Question 25

Is water important in inorganic compounds?

Answer 25

YES

Question 26

Is water polar or non-polar?

Answer 26

polar

Question 27

What is meant by the fact that water is polar?

Answer 27

It allows chemicals to dissolve into it.

Question 28

Is water a solute or solvent?

Answer 28

solvent

Question 29

In a solution, the ___ dissolves the ___.

Answer 29

solvent....solute

Question 30

Hydrophilic Compounds

Answer 30

dissolve easily in water

Question 31

Hydrophobic Compounds

Answer 31

don't dissolve easily in water

Question 32

Sodium and Chloride ions dissolve in ___.

Answer 32

water

Question 33

What are 5 examples of inorganic compounds?

Answer 33

- salts - acids/bases - potassium - magnesium - fluoride

Question 34

True or False: Carbohydrates are the main energy source.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Examples of Carbohydrates

Answer 35

sugars, starches, glycogen, cellulose

Question 36

3 Categories of Carbohydrates

Answer 36

- monosaccharides - disaccharides - polysaccharides

Question 37

Monosaccharides

Answer 37

simplest sugars (ribose, glucose)

Question 38

Disaccharides

Answer 38

made by combining 2 monosaccharides

Question 39

Polysaccharides are responsible for ___.

Answer 39

energy storage

Question 40

Where does the human body store glycogen?

Answer 40

in the liver or skeletal muscles

Question 41

The liver turns glycogen into ___ and releases it into the blood when sugar levels drop.

Answer 41

glucose

Question 42

Lipids

Answer 42

energy store and building blocks of cell walls

Question 43

Are lipids insoluble in water?

Answer 43

YES

Question 44

What do lipids need to combine with for transport in blood?

Answer 44

proteins

Question 45

What are 3 examples of lipids?

Answer 45

- Triglycerides - Phospholipids - Steroids

Question 46

Triglycerides

Answer 46

highly concentrated energy

Question 47

Triglycerides are usually ___.

Answer 47

fats or oils

Question 48

Excess dietary carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and oils are deposited in adipose tissue as ___.

Answer 48

Triglycerides

Question 49

Phospholipids

Answer 49

make up cell walls

Question 50

True or False: Phospholipids have polar and non-polar regions.

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Steroids

Answer 51

lipid molecules that have 4 rings of carbon atoms

Question 52

Steroids' rings of carbon include 4 things:

Answer 52

- sex hormones - bile salts - some vitamins - cholesterol

Question 53

Proteins

Answer 53

building blocks

Question 54

Humans are protein creatures that use carbohydrates to burn as fuels, and lipids for structural support, energy storage, and ___.

Answer 54

hormones

Question 55

Proteins are chains of ___.

Answer 55

amino acids

Question 56

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 56

20

Question 57

Different combinations of amino acids make different ___.

Answer 57

proteins

Question 58

Nucleic Acids carry ___.

Answer 58

genetic information

Question 59

DNA

Answer 59

inside nucleus - template of genetic code

Question 60

RNA

Answer 60

relays instructions from the nucleus to guide assembly of amino acids into proteins in the cytoplasm

Question 61

ATP bonds store ___.

Answer 61

energy

Question 62

ATP transfers energy from sugars to ___.

Answer 62

proteins

Question 63

High energy phosphate is hydrolyzed by ___ to release the stored energy, leaving ADP.

Answer 63

ATPase

Question 64

True or False: A human will use up his/her body weight of ATP over the course of the day.

Answer 64

True