Chapter 2 Chemistry

Question 0

Electrical energy

Answer 0

From movement of charged particles

Question 1

Chemical energy

Answer 1

Form stored in the bonds of chemical substances

Question 2

Mechanical energy

Answer 2

Directly involved in moving matter

Question 3

Radiant energy

Answer 3

Energy that travels in waves

Question 4

Planetary model

Answer 4

Simplified model of atomic structure

Question 5

Isotopes

Answer 5

Same number of protons but differ in number of neutrons

Question 6

Radioisotopes

Answer 6

Atoms decompose spontaneously into more stave forms

Question 7

Molecule

Answer 7

A combination of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Question 8

Compound

Answer 8

When two or more different kinds of atoms bind

Question 9

Mixtures

Answer 9

Substances composed of two or more components physically intermixed

Question 10

Solutions

Answer 10

Homogenous mixture of components that may be gases, liquids, solids.

Question 11

Homogenous

Answer 11

Mixture has exactly the same composition or makeup throughout a sample taken from any part of the mixture has the same composition as a sample taken from any other part of the mixture

Question 12

Solvent

Answer 12

The substance present in the greatest amount

Question 13

Solutes

Answer 13

Substances present in smaller amounts

Question 14

Molecule of a element

Answer 14

If two or more atoms of same element combine

Question 15

Molecule of a compound

Answer 15

If two or more atoms of different elements combine

Question 16

Chemical bond

Answer 16

An energy relationship between the electrons of the reacting atoms

Question 17

Ionic bonds

Answer 17

Chemical bonds that form between two atoms that transfer one or more electrons from one atom to the other

Question 18

Cation

Answer 18

Atom that lost a electron

Question 19

Anion

Answer 19

Atom that gained an electron

Question 20

Covalent bonds

Answer 20

Chemical bonds that form when two or more valence electrons are shared between atoms

Question 21

Rule of eight

Answer 21

Atoms are stable at eight electrons in their outermost shell

Question 22

Non polar covalent bonds

Answer 22

Electrons are shared evenly between te atoms

Question 23

Polar covalent bonds

Answer 23

Electrons are shared unequally

Question 24

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 24

Weak attractions between the positive pole (hydrogen) of one molecule and the negative pole of another

Question 25

Chemical reactions

Answer 25

Occur when chemical bonds are formed, rearranged, or broken

Question 26

Synthesis reaction

Answer 26

A+b= ab - larger molecules are formed from smaller molecules

Question 27

Anabolic

Answer 27

Larger molecules are formed from smaller molecules

Question 28

Decomposition reactions

Answer 28

Ab-> a+b - a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules

Question 29

Catabolic

Answer 29

Molecule is broken down into smaller molecule

Question 30

Exchange reactions

Answer 30

Ab+c =ac+b - involves both synthesis and decomposition

Question 31

Oxidation-reduction reactions

Answer 31

Special exchange reactions in which electrons are exchanged between reactants while food fuels are broken down for energy in a decomposition reaction

Question 32

LEO

Answer 32

Loss of electron is oxidation

Question 33

GER

Answer 33

Gain of electrons is reduction

Question 34

Exergonic reaction

Answer 34

Releases energy

Question 35

Endergonic reaction

Answer 35

Absorbs energy

Question 36

Inorganic compounds

Answer 36

Do not contain carbon

Question 37

Organic compounds

Answer 37

Contain carbon

Question 38

Inorganic compounds: water

Answer 38

Most important inorganic molecule in living cells; makes up 60-80 percent of most cells

Question 39

Inorganic compounds: salts

Answer 39

Ionic compounds containing cations and anions; when dissolved in water they dissociate into ions

Question 40

Colloid or emulsion

Answer 40

Larger solution particles, doesn't settle

Question 41

Suspension

Answer 41

Larger particles and does settle

Question 42

Acids

Answer 42

Electrolytes; disassociate in water, proton donors (release H+) ph lower than 7

Question 43

Neutral solutions

Answer 43

Ph =7

Question 44

Alkaline (bases)

Answer 44

Electrolytes, disassociate in water, proton acceptors (take up H+) ph higher than 7

Question 45

Buffers

Answer 45

Resist large fluctuations in ph that would be damaging to living tissues

Question 46

Carbohydrates

Answer 46

Sugars and starches, composed of C H and O

Question 47

Carbohydrates main function in body

Answer 47

Cellular fuel

Question 48

Three classes of carbohydrates

Answer 48

Monosaccharides (single sugars), disaccharides (double sugars) and polysaccharides (many sugars)

Question 49

Lipids

Answer 49

Fat, composed of C and H and O sometimes P

Question 50

Three main lipids

Answer 50

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids

Question 51

Triglycerides lipids

Answer 51

3 fatty acids +1 glycerol = energy storage

Question 52

Phospholipids

Answer 52

2 fatty acids + phosphorus group + 1 glycerol = makes cell membranes

Question 53

Steroids (cholesterol)

Answer 53

Cell membranes, hormone synthesis

Question 54

Proteins

Answer 54

Long chains of amino acids; composed of C,H,O,N,S,P

Question 55

Protein major function

Answer 55

Main structural material of cells

Question 56

Main types of protien

Answer 56

Fibrous (structural) globular proteins (functional)

Question 57

Enzymes

Answer 57

Globular proteins that act as biological catalysts

Question 58

Nucleus acid

Answer 58

Largest molecules in body (DNA) (RNA)

Question 59

DNA stand for

Answer 59

Deoxyribnucleic acid

Question 60

RNA stand for

Answer 60

Ribonucleic acid

Question 61

Nucleus acid composed of

Answer 61

C,O,H,N,P

Question 62

Nucleus acid structural units

Answer 62

Nucleotides (nitrogen base, sugar, phosphate group)

Question 63

ATP

Answer 63

Adenine containing RNA nucleotide, energy currently used by cells

Question 64

ATP is used in cells to do

Answer 64

Transport work Mechanical work Chemical work

Question 65

Amino acids

Answer 65

Organic compound