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Chapter 6 Flashcards

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0
Q

Three types of skeletal cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage

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1
Q

Skeletal cartilage

A

Contains no blood vessels and nerves, surrounded by dense irregular connective tissue

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2
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Nose, collagen fibers

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3
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Ear, elastic fibers

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4
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Meniscus, thick collagen fibers

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5
Q

Cartilage growth outside

A

Appositional

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6
Q

Cartilage growth from within

A

Interstitial growth

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7
Q

Three parts of axial skeleton

A

Skull
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage

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8
Q

Four parts of appendicular skeleton

A

Upper limbs
Lower limbs
Pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle

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9
Q

Long bones

A

Longer than wide, bones of limbs

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10
Q

Short bone

A

Cube shaped bones in wrist and ankle

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11
Q

Flat bones

A

Thin, flat, slightly curved: ribs, most bones

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12
Q

Irregular bones

A

Complicated shapes

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13
Q

Functions of bones

A 
Support
Protect
Movement
Mineral storage
Blood cell formation
Fat storage
Hormone production
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14
Q

Compact bone

A

Hard, outer layer of bone, withstands compression and tensional forces

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15
Q

Spongy bone

A

Internal bones

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16
Q

Trabeculae

A

On spongy bone, line of stress

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17
Q

Red bone marrow tissue

A

Hemopoietic tissue

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18
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Adipose tissue

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19
Q

Bone markings: tuberosity

A

Large rounded projection

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20
Q

Bone markings: crest

A

Narrow ridge of bone

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21
Q

Bone markings: trochanter

A

Very large, blunt, irregular shaped process

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22
Q

Bone markings: line

A

Narrow ridge of bone

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23
Q

Bone markings: tubercle

A

Small rounded projection or process

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24
Osteoblasts
Cell that builds the bone
25
Osteoclasts
Cell that eats or shrinks bone
26
Bone markings: epicondyle
Raised area on or above a condyle
27
Bone markings: spine
Sharp, slender, often pointed projection
28
Bone markings: process
Any bony prominence
29
Projections that help form joints: heAd
Bony expansion, carried on a narrow neck
30
Projections that help form joints: facet
Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
31
Projections that help form joints: condyle
Rounded articular projection
32
Projections that help form joints: ramus
Arm like bar of bone
33
Depressions and openings: groove
Groove, dent
34
Depressions and openings: fissure
Narrow, slit like opening
35
Depressions and openings: foramen
Round or oval opening through a bone
36
Depressions and openings: notch
Indention at the edge of a structure
37
Depressions and openings: meatus
Canal-like passageway
38
Depressions and openings: sinus
Cavity within a bone
39
Depressions and openings: fossa
Shallow, basin like depression in a bone
40
Bone tissue cells
Osteogenic Osteoblasts Osteocytes Osteoclasts
41
Osteogenic cell
Mitotically active stem cell
42
Osteoblasts cell
Bone forming cell
43
Osteocytes
Mature bone cell, maintains and monotors bone matrix
44
Osteoclasts
Giant cells that break down bone
45
Organic components of bones
Bone cells and osteoid
46
Inorganic components
Hydroxyapatites
47
Hydroxyapatites
Mineral salts in bone
48
Ossification
Process of bone formation, remodeling, and repair
49
Types of ossification
Endochondral ossification | Intramembranous ossification
50
Endochondral ossification
Forms all bones below skull, replaces hyaline cartilage
51
Intramembranous ossification
Forms from fibrous membranes, forms flat bones
52
Interstitial growth
Bone growth in lefty of long bones
53
Appositional growth
Bone growth in width of bones, throughout life
54
Growth hormone
Hormone that regulates bone growth
55
Thyroid hormone
Hormone that regulates bone growth (proportions)
56
Testosterone and estrogen
Hormones that regulate bone growth (puberty)
57
Parathyroid hormone
Hormone that increases blood calcium levels
58
Calcitonin
Hormone that decreases blood calcium levels
59
Wolffs law
Bone grows or remodels in response to demand/stress placed on it
60
Hormonal control determines
Whether and when bone remodeling occurs
61
Mechanical stress determines
Where bone remodeling occurs
62
4 stages of bone repair
Hemotoma forms Fibrocartilaginous (soft) callus forms Bony (hard) callus forms Bone remodeling occurs

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