Chapter 2 - Genetics

Question 1

Behavioral genetics

Answer 1

what is heritable

Question 2

molecular genetics

Answer 2

what genes are involved in heritable behavior

Question 3

Evolutionaly psych

Answer 3

how natural selection shapes mental processes

Question 4

determinism

Answer 4

biological traits determine your future - no free will

Question 5

franz gall

Answer 5

shape of skull determins mental attributes

Question 6

atavisms

Answer 6

specific physical features are found in criminals - strong jawline, thick hair, big lips

Question 7

francis galton

Answer 7

anything is heritable including social status

Question 8

chromosome

Answer 8

contains dna

Question 9

dna

Answer 9

coiled strand with genes - blueprint of life

Question 10

gene

Answer 10

ccontains characteristics

Question 11

polymorphism

Answer 11

gene in more than one form

Question 12

allele

Answer 12

alternative gene

Question 13

polygenic

Answer 13

trait under influence of gene

Question 14

jukes family

Answer 14

family with many convictions

Question 15

monozygotic

Answer 15

one egg - 100% shared dna and environment

Question 16

dizygotic

Answer 16

two eggs - shared environment half shared dna

Question 17

concordance

Answer 17

how likely the other pair (twin) is to commit crime if one of them does

Question 18

which twins have higher concordance

Answer 18

monozygotic

Question 19

problems with twin studies

Answer 19

determining zygosity, assumptions of similar environments, sample size and bias

Question 20

Adoption studies

Answer 20

biology can be overruled with right environment

Question 21

problems with adoption studies

Answer 21

parents are screened for good environment, not always adopted straight after birth

Question 22

Heritability studies

Answer 22

are there genetic components and how strong are the influence?

Question 23

Molecular genetics

Answer 23

Which genes and how many are involved

Question 24

MAO Enzyme

Answer 24

breaks down neurotransmitter

Question 25

MAOA-L

Answer 25

Warrior gene

Question 26

diathesis

Answer 26

being genetically vulnerable to develop psychopathological condition (can be overruled by good environment)

Question 27

differential susceptibility model

Answer 27

vulnerability to good or bad environments

Question 28

epigenetics

Answer 28

changing genes without altering code (through diet or dominant genes from partner)

Question 29

natural selection

Answer 29

species keep abilities that help them survive and shed others

Question 30

constraints of natural selection

Answer 30

only works on existing traits

Question 31

conditions of natural selection

Answer 31

variation must be heritable and able to reproduce

Question 32

selfishness

Answer 32

increasing own survivability at the cost of someone else

Question 33

altruism

Answer 33

helping those with no benefit

Question 34

inclusive fitness

Answer 34

helping others to increase own chances

Question 35

reciprocal cooperation

Answer 35

helping others expecting something back

Question 36

cheating

Answer 36

taking favours without returning

Question 37

how is cheating frequency dependant

Answer 37

won't work if everyone cheats

Question 38

infanticide

Answer 38

killing an infant under the age of 1

Question 39

siblicide

Answer 39

killing a sibling

Question 40

r-strategists

Answer 40

high production no parental involvement

Question 41

k-strategists

Answer 41

few offspring high parental involvement

Question 42

cinderella effect

Answer 42

risk of abuse is higher with non-biological parent

Question 43

interpersonal violence

Answer 43

violence done towards someone you are in relation with

Question 44

monogamy advantage for male

Answer 44

increase child survival, improve own status

Question 45

monogamy advantage for female

Answer 45

protection or children, supply of resources, raising offspring

Question 46

intrasexual competition

Answer 46

males competing with one another to get mates and resources

Question 47

when do women commit crimes

Answer 47

out of necessity

Question 48

age crime curve

Answer 48

low rate in childhood, higher in males when seeking mate, decline at parenthood (out of need)