Chapter 2 Legal

Question 0

When a person engages in conduct that causes substantial emotional distress in a person and serves no legitimate purpose.

Answer 0

Harass

Question 1

The suspect is deprived of freedom in a significant way.

Answer 1

Custody

Question 2

Is misdemeanor or ordinance violations, the option for an offender to be released at the scene provided he or she signs a notice promising to appear in court.

Answer 2

Notice to appear

Question 3

Spouses, former spouses, people related by blood or marriage, people who reside together or who have resided together in the past in the same dwelling unit, and people who are parents of a common child.

Answer 3

Family or household member

Question 4

The process where a creditor may take possession of the collateral after default without a court order, if the repossession can be done without breach of the peace.

Answer 4

Self help repossession

Question 5

An unlawful interference with the fundamental rights of another inhabitant of the United States.

Answer 5

Civil rights violation

Question 6

A legal concept derived from the common law idea that the king and his agents can do no wrong, which is applied to employees or agents of a governmental entity, or to the governmental entity as an organization, to preclude the award of damages in a civil lawsuit.

Answer 6

Sovereign immunity

Question 7

A rule that involves relying on the collective knowledge of other officers in taking law enforcement action.

Answer 7

Fellow officer rule

Question 8

A situation in which the offender agreed, conspired, combined, or confederated with the person(s) alleged to the cause a crime to be committed F.S. 777.04(3).

Answer 8

Conspiracy

Question 9

The items used by the defendant to commit the crime.

Answer 9

Instrumentalities of crime

Question 10

To communicate words, images, or language through the use of electronic mail or electronic communication to a specific person, causing substantial emotional distress to that person and serving no legitimate purpose.

Answer 10

Cyber talk

Question 11

To legally deprive a person of liberty or freedom to go as he or she chooses; to take a person into custody to be held to answer for a crime.

Answer 11

Arrest

Question 12

The standards set fourth in the Constitution and decisions and interpretations of the Constitution handed down by
U.S. District and Supreme Courts.

Answer 12

Constitutional law

Question 13

A court review of all factors known to the officer at the time of the incident.

Answer 13

Totality of circumstances

Question 14

When an officer comes into voluntary contact with a citizen under circumstances in which a reasonable person would feel free to disregard the police and go about his or her business.

Answer 14

Consensual encounter

Question 15

A failure to use due or reasonable care in a situation that results in harm to another.

Answer 15

Negligence

Question 16

Committing an act, beyond thinking or speaking, towards carrying out a crime; a situation in which a person would have committed a crime except that he or she failed or was prevented from doing so by an outside occurrence or person.

Answer 16

Attempt

Question 17

An act that occurs when the government affects a person’s right to have or control his or property, usually by taking that property.

Answer 17

Seizure

Question 18

The liability incurred when an officer is found guilty of committing a crime and is sentenced to incarnation or other property.

Answer 18

Criminal liability

Question 19

The enclosed space of ground and the outbuildings immediately surrounding a structure.

Answer 19

Cartilage

Question 20

When a person purposely does what the law declares to be a crime.

Answer 20

Intent

Question 21

A criminal or non criminal act punishable by law.

Answer 21

Offense

Question 22

A defense that requires the person committing the act to reasonably believe that the only way to avoid death or great bodily harm to self or a third party is to commit the crime.

Answer 22

Duress or coercion

Question 23

A part of the Fourteenth Amendment that expands the restrictions the Bill of Rights places on the federal government to state and local governments and states, „No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any person within its jurisdiction of the equal protection of the laws.”

Answer 23

Due process clause

Question 24

A civil proceeding in which the law enforcement agency asks the court to transfer ownership of property from the defendant to the government.

Answer 24

Forfeiture

Question 25

A sworn, written statement by a law enforcement officer establishing certain facts and circumstances to justify an arrest.

Answer 25

Probable cause affidavit

Question 26

The oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by or union with the sexual organ of another; anal or vaginal penetration of another by any other object.

Answer 26

Sexual battery

Question 27

A defendant who helped another person commit or attempt to commit a crime and whose actions must be treated as if he or she had done all the things the

Answer 27

Principal in the first degree

Question 28

A motor vehicle, vessel, ship, aircraft, railroad vehicle or car, trailer, or sleeping car.

Answer 28

Conveyance

Question 29

The legal requirements that must be met before a jury is allowed to see or hear evidence.

Answer 29

Admissibility of evidence

Question 30

A failure of the defendant to act in a reasonable manner.

Answer 30

Breach of duty

Question 31

The presentation of evidence sufficient to prove the guilt of each elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.

Answer 31

Proof beyond a reasonable doubt

Question 32

A criminal offense committing within a state where the maximum penalty is incarceration in a county jail for up to one year.

Answer 32

Misdemeanor

Question 33

Transporting, soliciting, recruiting, harboring, providing, or obtaining another person for transport.

Answer 33

Human trafficking

Question 34

When an officer acts or purports to act in performance of official duties under any law, ordinance, or regulation.

Answer 34

Color of law

Question 35

An offense, also known as a citizen infraction, for which the only penalty may be fine, forfeiture, or other civil penalty.

Answer 35

Noncriminal violation

Question 36

A legal defense that is used when the accused does not possess the mental state required to commit a criminal offense because of a reasonably mistaken belief about the facts relating to the circumstances; not to be confused with diminished mental capacity or insanity.

Answer 36

Mistake or ignorance of fact

Question 37

When a law enforcement officer induces or causes a suspect to commit a crime so that the officer may then arrest the suspect; can be used as a legal defense.

Answer 37

Entrapment

Question 38

A legal defense in limited circumstances when it negates an essential element of the crime, such as the ability to form criminal intent in the commission of certain offense.

Answer 38

Intoxication

Question 39

Certain emergencies, such as evidence destruction, an emergency scene, or fresh pursuit that justify a warrant less entry.

Answer 39

Exigent circumstances

Question 40

Intelligent, knowing, and voluntary consent that does not induce coerced submission; a legal defense that claims that the acts in question were committed with the victim's consent and permission.

Answer 40

Consent

Question 41

A person believed to have committed a crime or offense.

Answer 41

Suspect

Question 42

Any unmarried person under the age of 18 who has not been emancipated by order of the court and who has been found or alleged to be dependent, in need of service, or form a family in need of services; or any married or unmarried person who is charged with a violation of law occurring prior to the time that person reached the age of 18 yrs. F.S. 985.03(6).

Answer 42

Child juvenile youth

Question 43

Anything presented in a court of law to prove or disprove the validity of information.

Answer 43

Evidence

Question 44

Any force a person may legally use to defend against the use of force by another Chapter 776, F.S.

Answer 44

Justifiable use of force

Question 45

The level of justification needed to support a legal stop or investigative detention where an officer can articulate the facts that support a suspicion of a law violation.

Answer 45

Reasonable suspicion

Question 46

A hunch or gut feeling based on law enforcement training and knowledge but it is not acceptable justification for interfering with someone's rights.

Answer 46

Mere suspicion

Question 47

A child 12 years of age or younger who is alleged to have committed a violation of sexual battery, prostitution, lewdness, indecent exposure, abuse of a child, obscenity, or any violation of law or delinquent act involving juvenile sexual abuse.

Answer 47

Juvenile sex offender

Question 48

Any building of any kind, either temporary or permanent, which has a roof over it, and the enclosed space of ground and outbuildings immediately surrounding that structure.

Answer 48

Structure

Question 49

When a person or entity is held liable for the negligent actions of another person, even though the first person or entity was not directly responsible for the injury.

Answer 49

Vicarious liability

Question 50

Force that is likely to cause death great bodily harm to death.

Answer 50

Deadly force

Question 51

The objects obtained by the defendant as a result of committing a crime.

Answer 51

Fruits of crime

Question 52

Any evidence that requires an inference or presumption to establish a fact.

Answer 52

Circumstantial or indirect evidence

Question 53

Consciously doing an act or following a course of conduct that the person must have known or reasonably should have known was likely to cause death or great bodily injury.

Answer 53

Culpable negligence

Question 54

A suspect or defendant's claim that he or she was not present when the alleged act was committed.

Answer 54

Alibi

Question 55

A legal defense which recognizes that a criminal defendant will be judged on his or her present ability to assist counsel by participating in the criminal defense.

Answer 55

Mental incompetence

Question 56

A special mental element of intention to cause a particular result, which is required over and above any mental state required for the offender to commit the act.

Answer 56

Specific intent

Question 57

A statement that is made out of court by someone not testifying at a trial or hearing which offers evidence to prove or disprove the truth of the matter asserted.

Answer 57

Hearsay

Question 58

A rule which states that evidence obtained illegally by law enforcement will not be admissible at trial.

Answer 58

Exclusionary rule

Question 59

A court order authorizing law enforcement to take the individual named on the warrant into custody.

Answer 59

Arrest warrant

Question 60

When an officer neglects to perform what the law or duty requires.

Answer 60

Omission

Question 61

An offense in which a person assists an offender while having knowledge that the felony is being or has been committed F.S. 777.03.

Answer 61

Accessory after the fact

Question 62

An offender's intention to make the bodily movement which becomes the act to commit a criminal offense.

Answer 62

General intent

Question 63

Not a specific crime but actions that include any assault, aggravated assault, battery, aggravated battery, sexual assault, sexual battery, stalking, aggravated stalking, kidnapping, false imprisonment, or any criminal offense resulting in physical injury or death of one family or household member by another.

Answer 63

Domestic violence

Question 64

Anything written or printed which is offered to prove or disprove a fact.

Answer 64

Documentary evidence

Question 65

A presentation of a series of photographs in a non suggestive manner to a victim or witness in order to identify a suspect.

Answer 65

Photo array

Question 66

The presentation of a number of individuals, which may include a known suspect, to a victim or witness in a non suggestive manner for the purpose of identification.

Answer 66

Live lineup

Question 67

Evidence which proves a fact without an inference or presumption and which, if true, conclusively establishes that fact.

Answer 67

Directive evidence

Question 68

A defense against liability that allows an officer to react instinctively to sudden peril without being held to the same legal standard of care as he would have been had there been times to reflect upon the circumstances.

Answer 68

Emergency doctrine

Question 69

A link between the breach of duty and the harm caused.

Answer 69

Proximate cause

Question 70

A liability which arises in cases where the officer committed an intentional or negligent tort in violation of the employing agency's orders or policies.

Answer 70

Direct liability

Question 71

A Latin term meaning the „ body of the offense "describing the legal principle that claims it must be proven that a crime has occurred before a person can be convicted of committing that crime.

Answer 71

Corpus Delicti

Question 72

A person harmed by a crime.

Answer 72

Victim

Question 73

A defense which protects government officials from liability for civil damages insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known.

Answer 73

Qualified immunity

Question 74

Any government intrusion into a place in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy.

Answer 74

Search

Question 75

A common legal term describing a person's authority to take reasonable steps, including the use of force (except deadly force) to the extent that a person reasonably believes that it is necessary to protect his or her possessions from trespass or theft to terminate these acts.

Answer 75

Defense of property

Question 76

An improper act in law.

Answer 76

Tort

Question 77

The liability that occurs when a person preaches a duty to confirm to a particular standard of conduct with others.

Answer 77

Criminal negligence

Question 78

The legal action a person takes to resolve a dispute with another person.

Answer 78

Civil liability

Question 79

A law that bars the state from prosecuting an individual after a certain period of time has elapsed since the criminal act occurred.

Answer 79

Statute of limitations

Question 80

A one on one identification of a suspect in the field by a victim or witness orchestrated by a law-enforcement officer a short time after the commission of an offense.

Answer 80

Show up

Question 81

Any mental disorder so severe that it prevents a person from having legal capacity and excuses that person from criminal or civil responsibility.

Answer 81

Insanity

Question 82

Evidence comprised of the statements solicited from witness on the stand.

Answer 82

Testimonial evidence

Question 83

A person believed to have committed a crime or offense.

Answer 83

Suspected perpetrator

Question 84

The intent that is present when an unintentional act harms a unintended second victim.

Answer 84

Transferred intent

Question 85

A common legal term that describes the justifiable use of force that is necessary to protect oneself.

Answer 85

Self defense

Question 86

A stop made by an officer on the basis on a traffic infraction when there is not enough information for a reasonable suspicion to make the stop but for the objective purpose of looking inside the vehicle for evidence of a criminal activity.

Answer 86

Pretext stop

Question 87

A court order to recover property that is in the wrongful possession of another.

Answer 87

Writ of replevin

Question 88

Any evidence that requires an inference or preassumption to establish a fact.

Answer 88

Indirect evidence

Question 89

The reasonable and foreseeable activities that an employee engaging in while carrying out the employer's business.

Answer 89

Acting within the scope of employment

Question 90

Anything that is illegal to possess.

Answer 90

Contraband

Question 91

A criminal offense committed within A state in which the maximum penalty is death or incarceration in a state correctional facility for a period exceeding one year.

Answer 91

Felony

Question 92

The area of law that allows individuals to resolve their disputes through legal action.

Answer 92

Civil law

Question 93

The part of statutory law that defines unacceptable behavior and government prosecution of those who commit them.

Answer 93

Criminal law

Question 94

A section of the Florida statutes that says an individual has; no duty to retreat when faced with imminent harm; has a right to stand his hair ground, and may meet force with force including deadly force when he reasonably believes it is necessary to do so to prevent death or great bodily harm. F.S. 776.013

Answer 94

No retreat law

Question 95

A strong, negative belief or feeling about a person, group, or subject that is formed without reviewing all available facts or information.

Answer 95

Bias / prejudice

Question 96

Damages awarded in addition to actual damages when the defendant acted with recklessness, malice, or deceit.

Answer 96

Punitive damages

Question 97

A person who has information about some element of a crime or about evidence or documents related to a crime and who may have heard statements or observed events before, during, or after a crime; a person who see, knows, or vouches for something and makes a sworn statement about that information.

Answer 97

Witness

Question 98

The written laws enacted by Congress, state legislatures, or local governing authorities in response to a perceived need to clarify the function of government.

Answer 98

Statutory law

Question 99

A legal doctrine that permits a law-enforcement officer to rest a fling suspect who crosses jurisdictional lines.

Answer 99

Fresh pursuit

Question 100

A stop that may be made only if an officer has reasonable suspicion that the person stopped was committing, is committing, or is about to commit a law violation; also known as a Terry stop.

Answer 100

Investigative stop

Question 101

A court order that authorizes law enforcement to conduct a search and seizure.

Answer 101

Search warrant

Question 102

The body of law that is formed by the decisions of the court system.

Answer 102

Case law

Question 103

An improper act.

Answer 103

Crime

Question 104

An interview in which the person is not under arrest and a reasonable person would believe that he or she is free to leave at any time during the interview.

Answer 104

Noncustodial stop

Question 105

A person who aids or contributes in committing or concealing a crime.

Answer 105

Accessory

Question 106

Any locally applied law; statues enacted by municipal (city) or county government.

Answer 106

Ordinance

Question 107

Court awards designed to compensate for the actual property damage, harm, or injury the plaintiff suffers.

Answer 107

Compensatory damage

Question 108

An offense in which a person commands, encourages, hires, or request another person to engage in specific conduct which would constitute the commissions of an offense or an attempt.

Answer 108

Solicitation

Question 109

A fair probability or reasonable grounds to believe that a crime was committed, based on the totality of circumstances.

Answer 109

Probable cause

Question 110

An unmarried person under the age of 18 who has not been emancipated by order of the court and who has been found or alleged to be the defendant, in need of services, or from a family in need of services; and married or unmarried person who is charged with the violation of law occurring prior to that a time that person reach the age of 18.

Answer 110

Juvenile