Chapter 4 Defensive Tactics

Question 0

A survival stress reaction in which both eyes remain open, and it is very difficult to close just one eye.

Answer 0

Binocular vision

Question 1

The discontinuing of commands or the physical use of force; breaking away from a subject.

Answer 1

Disengagement

Question 2

A technique used to move a subject from one point to another without using pain compliance; provides minimal control of the subject through leverage.

Answer 2

Escort

Question 3

Using a great force against a weaker resistance.

Answer 3

Leverage

Question 4

A distraction technique using the frontal lobe or back of the head to make contact with the subject’s face, head, or other target area of inflict pain; temporarily divert a subject’s attention, and redirect the physical power of the subject’s attack.

Answer 4

Head butt

Question 5

The muscle control required to make small, precise movement.

Answer 5

Fine motor skills

Question 6

Any exercise that elevates the heart rate to a range between 60 and 85 percent of the maximum rate.

Answer 6

Cardiovascular training

Question 7

A physical frisk of a subject conducted in a predetermined pattern to locate weapons.

Answer 7

Pat down

Question 8

A low profile stance with the weapon held partially hidden behind the leg.

Answer 8

Interview stance with an impact weapon

Question 9

Nonthreatening, noncustodial physical contact that can be used to support or emphasize a verbal command.

Answer 9

Touch

Question 10

The part of the brain that logically thinks and plans.

Answer 10

Cognitive brain

Question 11

A survival stress reaction in which hearing is diminished.

Answer 11

Auditory exclusion

Question 12

The facts or circumstances that reasonably indicated that a person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a violation of the law.

Answer 12

Reasonable suspicion

Question 13

A physical restraint compressing certain veins and arteries in the neck to cause a subject to lose consciousness for a brief period of time.

Answer 13

Vascular neck restraint

Question 14

An inflammatory agent that causes tearing and involuntary closing of the eyes, nasal discharge, sneezing, disorientation, and perceived respiratory distress; also known as OC.

Answer 14

Pepper spray

Question 15

A method of gaining control over a subject by bending or twisting a joint in a direction that will cause pain or discomfort to the joint.

Answer 15

Joint manipulation

Question 16

The use of proper, clear, and concise commands to let a subject know what an officer needs or expects him or her to do.

Answer 16

Verbal direction

Question 17

A direction technique applied with a downward thrust to the subject’s foot to inflict pain, temporarily divert the subject’s attention, and redirect the physical power of the subject’s attack.

Answer 17

Foot stomp

Question 18

The movements of the large or major muscles of the body.

Answer 18

Gross motor skills

Question 19

The exchanging of information through verbal and nonverbal methods; provides valuable insight into the likelihood of cooperation and compliance of a subject.

Answer 19

Communication

Question 20

A state of extreme mental and physiological excitement due to extreme drug use; characterized by extreme agitation, hyperthermia, hostility, and exceptional strength and endurance without apparent fatigue; can lead to death.

Answer 20

Excited delirium

Question 21

A term the courts have used to describe the process for evaluating the appropriateness of an officer’s response to a subject’s resistance.

Answer 21

Objective reasonableness

Question 22

A controlling technique used to break the subject’s balance through the use of leverage principles.

Answer 22

Balance displacement

Question 23

Lying on the stomach face down.

Answer 23

Prone position

Question 24

Small eye, hand, or foot movements in the direction that an officer plans to move.

Answer 24

Telegraphing

Question 25

An item an officer has at hand that can be used as a potential impact weapon when needed, such as a broomstick, flashlight, clipboard, or radio.

Answer 25

Weapon of opportunity

Question 26

Tools such as handcuffs designed to temporarily restrain a subject's movements.

Answer 26

Restraint devices

Question 27

A framework of making decisions involving the reasonable use of force by criminal justice officers.

Answer 27

Force guidelines

Question 28

A distraction technique applied by raising the foot and applying downward pressure on the subject's shin to inflict pain and temporarily divert an attacking subject's attention.

Answer 28

Shin scrape

Question 29

An officer's position in relation to the subject.

Answer 29

Relative positioning

Question 30

A subject's hostile, attacking movements, with or without a weapon, that create a reasonable perception by the officer that the subject intends to cause and has the capability of causing death or great bodily harm to the officer or others.

Answer 30

Deadly force resistance

Question 31

Decreasing the use of force.

Answer 31

De escalation

Question 32

An officer's ability to convey to subjects and onlookers that he or she is ready and able to take control.

Answer 32

Officer presence

Question 33

The way an officer carriers him-or herself.

Answer 33

Command presence

Question 34

A government intrusion into a place in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy.

Answer 34

Search

Question 35

The principle that describes the result of strikes that are delivered utilizing penetration of the muscle or nerves of the target area so that the striking object stays on or indented in the target for an instant, which allows for a full transfer of kinetic energy that displaces the water content in the muscle and creates a shock wave, greatly multiplying the effect of the strike by producing intense pain and immobilizing the subject.

Answer 35

Fluid shock principle

Question 36

A tool used when empty-handed control is ineffective, but the subject's level of resistance does not merit deadly force; baton, OC spray, dart-firing stun gun.

Answer 36

Intermediate weapon

Question 37

A type of incapacitation that causes temporary impairment of muscle control.

Answer 37

Temporary motor dysfunction

Question 38

The movement in a hip escape; moving from side to side while avoiding or defending against an attack.

Answer 38

Shrimping

Question 39

Immobilizing the subject's head so the subject cannot move or escape.

Answer 39

Stabilization

Question 40

A method used to gain control over a subject by applying pressure or leverage on a joint by locking it up so that no movement of the joint is possible, causing the subject to comply with verbal direction.

Answer 40

Mechanical compliance

Question 41

Any object used for striking

Answer 41

Impact weapon

Question 42

Controlled, nonemotional communication between an officer and a subject, aimed at problem solving and communication.

Answer 42

Dialogue

Question 43

Shifting one's body or side-stepping to avoid an attack.

Answer 43

Evasion

Question 44

Achieving compliance or custody through the use of empty-hand or leverage-enhanced techniques, such as pain compliance, transporters, restraint devices, takedowns, and striking techniques.

Answer 44

Physical control

Question 45

Permits an officer to seize any object "whose contour or mass" he or she identifies as apparent contraband during a pat down.

Answer 45

Plain feel doctrine

Question 46

Increasing the use of force or resistance.

Answer 46

Escalation

Question 47

A subject's use of physically evasive movements directed toward the officer; examples including bracing, tensing, pushing, or pulling to prevent the officer from establishing control over the subject.

Answer 47

Active resistance

Question 48

A strike that is retracted very quickly, thus enabling multiple strikes, creating distance, setting up the next techniques, and causing distraction to the subject.

Answer 48

Snap back

Question 49

The distance an officer must keep between him-or herself and the subject in order to react effectively against a sudden threat.

Answer 49

Reactionary gap

Question 50

A position in which the head is over the hips, and the hips are over and between the feet; necessary for performing defensive tactics.

Answer 50

Balance

Question 51

Behavior in which a subject acts verbally and physically as if he or she may resist.

Answer 51

Posturing

Question 52

Techniques used to move a subject from one point to another with pain compliance and/or mechanical compliance (also known as come-along holds).

Answer 52

Transporters

Question 53

The verbal and/or physical yielding to an officer's authority without apparent threat of resistance or violence.

Answer 53

Compliance

Question 54

(OC)-a type of chemical agent commonly used by law enforcement, usually in the form of hand-held canisters and chemical projectiles.

Answer 54

Oleo resin capsicum

Question 55

Techniques used to control resistant behavior by utilizing pain compliance.

Answer 55

Pressure points

Question 56

Refers to how an officer approaches a subject or enters a scene.

Answer 56

Body movement

Question 57

Used when preparing to engage or disengage from a subject in close proximity.

Answer 57

Slide step

Question 58

The area within the reactionary gap.

Answer 58

Danger zone

Question 59

A subject's verbal and/or physical refusal to comply with an officer's lawful direction causing the officer to use physical techniques to establish control.

Answer 59

Passive resistance

Question 60

Reactionary techniques using arms, legs, or body to deflect or redirect a subject's impending strike to other certain areas of the body.

Answer 60

Block

Question 61

The direction that a subject comes from.

Answer 61

Direct line of attack

Question 62

A tactical method of safely controlling a suspect until an officer can physically recover, reassess the situation, or backup arrives.

Answer 62

Stalling

Question 63

The capacity a subject has to carry out his intent.

Answer 63

Ability

Question 64

A term the court uses to refer to all facts and circumstances reasonably perceived by the officer as the basis for a use of force decision.

Answer 64

Totality of circumstances

Question 65

Survival stress

Answer 65

Fear induced stress

Question 66

A loss of peripheral vision and depth perception that often occurs during survival stress situations.

Answer 66

Tunnel vision

Question 67

(SCU)-a measure of the heat properties (burning sensation) of capsicum inOC spray.

Answer 67

Scoville heat unit

Question 68

A system of controlled defensive and offensive body movements used by criminal justice officers to respond to a subject's aggression or resistance.

Answer 68

Defensive tactics

Question 69

A reasonably perceived, imminent threat to an officer or another person.

Answer 69

Intent

Question 70

Using one's hands to move the subject away.

Answer 70

Redirection

Question 71

The ability to see both the subject's hands and to know that those hands hold no weapons.

Answer 71

Visual control

Question 72

Temporary restraining devices used frequently to control a subject.

Answer 72

Handcuffs

Question 73

A subject's capacity for carrying out an intention to cause death or great bodily harm to others.

Answer 73

Opportunity

Question 74

A method of gaining control over a subject by using an incapacitation technique that causes temporary impairment of muscular control.

Answer 74

Motor dysfunction

Question 75

Force that is likely to cause death or great bodily harm.

Answer 75

Deadly force

Question 76

A subject's response to a combination of pain and verbal commands to stop resisting.

Answer 76

Pain compliance

Question 77

After a stressful situation, a temporary condition that causes difficulty in transferring information into long-term memory.

Answer 77

Critical incident amnesia

Question 78

A technique that interrupts the subject's combination so that energy is redirected from the current focus.

Answer 78

Distraction technique

Question 79

Techniques used to bring resisting subject from a standing position to the ground, making it easier to control him or her.

Answer 79

Takedown

Question 80

A combination of fine and gross motor skills using hand/eye coordination timed to a single event.

Answer 80

Complex motor skills

Question 81

A complete search of the subject used when a subject is taken into custody in an unsecured environment.

Answer 81

Custodial search technique

Question 82

Shifting one's body or side stepping to avoid an attack.

Answer 82

Evasion technique

Question 83

Supporting the balance of the body using a limb.

Answer 83

Posting

Question 84

The use of body mechanics to control a subject.

Answer 84

Grappling

Question 85

Stress caused by hormonal changes brought on by a perception of danger (also known as a fear-induced stress)

Answer 85

Survival stress

Question 86

A subject's attacking movements toward an officer that may cause injury but are not likely to cause death or great bodily harm to the officer or others.

Answer 86

Aggressive resistance

Question 87

A weapon that is not fundamentally designed to cause death or great bodily harm.

Answer 87

Nonlethal weapon

Question 88

The amount of time it takes for the brain to process a physical threat and for the body to respond.

Answer 88

Reaction time principle

Question 89

Touching the location of a nerve or sensitive area and applying continual, uninterrupted pressure with the tip of the finger(s) or thumb until the subject complies.

Answer 89

Touch pressure

Question 90

(CS)-a type of chemical agent commonly used by law enforcement usually in the form of hand-held canisters and chemical projectiles.

Answer 90

Orthochlorobenzal malononitrile

Question 91

Dividing the body into four sections horizontally and vertically during a search.

Answer 91

Quadrant search approach

Question 92

Forcefully blinking the eyes using all the muscles in the face, including those in the forehead.

Answer 92

Strobing