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VMCB 311 > CHAPTER 2: Lesson 6: Classification of bacteria > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2: Lesson 6: Classification of bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

These are a heterogeneous
group of several distinct classes of living beings.

A

Microorganisms

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2
Q

Within the kingdom Protista, bacteria and blue-green algae belong to a group called __________.

A

prokaryotes

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3
Q

Within the kingdom Protista, _______ and ________ belong to a group called prokaryotes.

A

bacteria and blue-green algae

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4
Q

Fungi,
other algae, slime molds and protozoa belong to a group called _______.

A

eukaryotes

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5
Q

They belong to a group called eukaryotes.

A

fungi
other algae
slime molds
protozoa

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6
Q

(Nucleus) Prokaryotes

A

Absent. No nuclear envelope

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7
Q

(Nucleus) Eukaryotes

A

Present with nuclear envelope and nucleolus

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8
Q

(Membrane-bound
organelles) Prokaryotes

A

Absent

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9
Q

(Membrane-bound
organelles) Eukaryotes

A

Present. Includes mitochondria, chloroplasts (plants), lysosomes

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10
Q

(Chromosome (DNA)) Prokaryotes

A

Single coiled chromosome
in cytoplasm ‘nucleoid’
region in association with ‘histone-like’ proteins

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11
Q

(Chromosome (DNA)) Eukaryotes

A

Multiple linear chromosomes with histone proteins

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12
Q

(Cell wall) Prokaryotes

A

Eubacteria have a cell wall
of peptidoglycan Archaea have cell walls of
Pseudomurein

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13
Q

(Cell wall) Eukaryotes

A

No cell wall in animal cells
Plant cell walls is cellulose Fungal cell walls is chitin

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14
Q

(Mitotic division) Prokaryotes

A

Absent

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15
Q

(Mitotic Division) Eukaryotes

A

Present

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16
Q

(Ribosomes) Prokaryotes

A

70S

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17
Q

(Ribosomes) Eukaryotes

A

80S. Both free in cytoplasm
and attached to rough
E.R.
70S in mitochondria
and chloroplasts

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18
Q

(Flagella) Prokaryotes

A

Free in cytoplasm
when present consists of protein flagellin

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19
Q

(Flagella) Eukaryotes

A

Consist of 9+2 arrangement of microtubules

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20
Q

(Cytoplasmic membrane
lipids) Prokaryotes

A

Eubacteria:
Fatty acids
joined to glycerol by ester
linkage
Archaea:
Hydrocarbons joined to glycerol by ether
linkage

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21
Q

(Cytoplasmic Membrane Lipids) Eukaryotes

A

Fatty acids joined to
glycerol by ester linkage

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22
Q

(Mitochondria) Prokaryotes

A

Absent

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23
Q

(Mitochondria) Eukaryotes

A

Present

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24
Q

(Lysosomes) Prokaryotes

A

Absent

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25
Q

(Lysosomes) Eukaryotes

A

Present

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26
Q

(Golgi apparatus) Prokaryotes

A

Absent

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27
Q

(Golgi apparatus) Eukaryotes

A

Present

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28
Q

(Endoplasmic Reticulum) Prokaryotes

A

Absent

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29
Q

(Endoplasmic Reticulum) Eukaryotes

A

Present

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30
Q

Bacteria which gain energy from light

A

Phototrophs

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31
Q

Phototrophs is subdivided into two groups
on the basis of source of electron: What are these?

A

a. Photolithotrops
b. Photoorganotrops

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32
Q

Bacteria that uses reduced inorganic compounds such
as H2S as electron source.

A

Photolithotrops

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33
Q

It uses organic compounds such as succinate as
electron source.

A

Photoorganotrops

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34
Q

A bacteria which gain energy from chemical compounds and
cannot carry out photosynthesis.

A

Chemotrophs

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35
Q

Chemotrophs is subdivided into two groups on the basis of
source of electron:

A

a. Chemolithotrops
b. Chemoorganotrops

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36
Q

they gain energy from oxidation of chemical
compound and reduces inorganic compounds such as NH3 as electron source

A

Chemolithotrops

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37
Q

They gain energy from chemical compounds and
uses organic compounds such as glucose and amino acids as a source of
electron.

A

Chemoorganotrops

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38
Q

It is a nonpathogenic, free-living bacteria which uses solar energy or
carbon dioxide as the sole source of carbon to prepare its own food.

A

Autotrophs

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39
Q

Autotrophs is further
subdivided into two types on the basis of energy utilized to assimilate
carbondioxide.

A

Photoautotrops
Chemoautotrops

40
Q

they utilized light to assimilate carbon dioxide

A

Photoautotrops

41
Q

Photoautotrops
are further divided into two group on the basis of electron sources:

A

Photolithotropic autotrops
Photoorganotropic autotrops

42
Q

A bacteria which uses organic compound as carbon source and lack
the ability to fix carbon dioxide.

A

Heterotrophs

43
Q

A. According to mode of nutrition

A

Phototrophs
Chemotrophs
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs

44
Q

Photolithotrops: bacteria that uses reduced inorganic compounds such
as _____ as electron source

A

H2S

45
Q

Photoorganotrops: uses organic compounds such as __________ as
electron source.

A

succinate

46
Q

Chemolithotrops: they gain energy from oxidation of chemical
compound and reduces inorganic compounds such as ______ as electron
source.

A

NH3

47
Q

Chemoorganotrops: they gain energy from chemical compounds and
uses organic compound such as _________ and __________ as source of
electron.

A

glucose and amino acids

48
Q

B. According to optimum temperature requirement for growth

A

Psychrophiles
Psychrotrophs
Mesophiles
Thermophiles
Hyperthermophiles

49
Q

A bacteria that can grow at below 0°C to 20°C but the optimum temperature of growth is 15°C or below. It contains polyunsaturated fatty acids in
their cell membrane which allows it to not freeze even at lower temperature
hence it is a common contaminant in refrigerators.

A

Psychrophiles

50
Q

Psychrophiles are bacteria that can grow at below _______ but the optimum temperature of growth is 15°C or below.

A

0°C to 20°C

51
Q

Psychrophiles is a bacteria that can grow at below 0°C-20°C but the optimum temperature of growth is ____________.

A

15°C or below

52
Q

Psychrophiles contains _______________ in
their cell membrane which allows it to not freeze even at lower temperature
hence it is a common contaminant in refrigerators.

A

polyunsaturated fatty acids

53
Q

it is a common contaminant in refrigerators

A

Psychrophiles

54
Q

It is a bacteria that can grow even
between 0°C to 30°C but optimum temperature for growth is 20-30°C.

A

Psychrotrophs (facultative psychrophiles)

55
Q

Psychrotrophs (facultative psychrophiles): bacteria that can grow even
between __________ but optimum temperature for growth is _________.

A

0°C to 30°C
20-30°C

56
Q

Mesophiles: bacteria that can grow best between _________ and optimum
temperature for growth is ________.

A

25-40°C
37°C

57
Q

A bacteria that can grow best between 25-40°C and optimum
temperature for growth is 37°C.

A

Mesophiles

58
Q

Thermophiles: bacteria that best grow above ______, contains saturated fatty acids
in their cell membrane so their cell membrane does not become too fluid even at
higher temperature, can survive pasteurization temperature.

A

45°C

59
Q

A bacteria that best grow above 45°C, contains saturated fattyacids
in their cell membrane so their cell membrane does not become too fluid even at
higher temperature, can survive pasteurization temperature.

A

Thermophiles

60
Q

Thermophiles: bacteria that best grow above 45°C, contains __________
in their cell membrane so their cell membrane does not become too fluid even at
higher temperature, can survive pasteurization temperature.

A

saturated fatty acids

61
Q

can survive pasteurization temperature

A

Thermophiles

62
Q

2 types of Thermophiles

A

facultative thermophiles
obligate thermophiles

63
Q

Capable of growing in mesophilic range

A

facultative thermophiles

64
Q

True thermophiles or Stenothermophiles

A

obligate thermophiles

65
Q

A bacteria that have optimum temperature of growth above
80°C.

A

Hypethermophiles

66
Q

Hyperthermophiles are bacteria that have optimum temperature of growth.

A

above 80°C

67
Q

According to optimal pH for growth

A

Acidophiles
Alkaliphiles
Neutrophiles

68
Q

A bacteria that grows best at acidic pH

A

Acidophiles

69
Q

A bacteria that grows best at alkaline pH

A

Alkaliphiles

70
Q

A bacteria that grows best at neutral pH (6.5-7.5)

A

Neutrophiles

71
Q

According to salt requirement

A

Halophiles
Halotolerant

72
Q

bacteria that require high concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) for
growth

A

Halophiles

73
Q

Halophiles require high concentration of ____________ for
growth.

A

sodium chloride (NaCl)

74
Q

bacteria that does not require NaCl but can tolerate low
concentration of NaCl in growth media

A

Halotolerant

75
Q

According to gaseous requirement

A

Obligate aerobes
Facultative anaerobes
Aerotolerant anaerobes
Microaerophiles
Obligate anaerobes
Capnophiles

76
Q

bacteria that requires and cannot grow in the absence of
oxygen

A

Obligate aerobes

77
Q

bacteria that do not require oxygen but can use it if
available

A

Facultative anaerobes

78
Q

bacteria that do not require but can tolerate the
presence of oxygen for growth

A

Aerotolerant anaerobes

79
Q

bacteria that do not require but can tolerate low concentration
of oxygen for growth

A

Microaerophiles

80
Q

bacteria that can grow only in the absence of oxygen

A

Obligate anaerobes

81
Q

bacteria that require carbon dioxide for growth

A

Capnophiles

82
Q

According to cell wall

A

Gram positive bacteria
Gram negative bacteria

83
Q

Cell wall of these bacteria is composed of peptidoglycan
layer only. The cell wall retains the crystal fire lit or gram stain which appear
violate in Gram staining.

A

Gram positive bacteria

84
Q

Cell wall of these bacteria is composed of thin layer of
Peptidoglycan and outer membrane having rich or thick layer of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The cell wall does not retain the gram stain,
but they take up the red color of the counter stain during Gram staining.

A

Gram negative bacteria

85
Q

Gram negative bacteria

A

Red color

86
Q

Gram positive bacteria

A

Violet

87
Q

According to flagella

A

Monotrichous
Lophotrichous
Amphitrichous
Peritrichous
Atrichous

88
Q

Bacteria with single flagellum in one end of cell

A

Monotrichous

89
Q

Bacteria having bundle of flagella in one end of cell

A

Lophotrichous

90
Q

Bacteria having single or cluster of flagella at both end of cell

A

Amphitrichous

91
Q

Bacteria having flagella evenly distributed around the cell surface

A

Peritrichous

92
Q

Bacteria without flagella

A

Atrichous

93
Q

According to spore

A

Spore forming bacteria
Non-spore forming bacteria

94
Q

Spore forming bacteria is subdivided
into two groups:

A

a. endospore forming bacteria
b. exospore forming bacteria

95
Q

Spore produced within the bacterial cell.

A

endospore forming bacteria

96
Q

Spore produced outside the cell

A

exospore forming bacteria

97
Q

Those bacteria which do not produce spores.

A

Non-spore forming bacteria

VMCB 311 (11 decks)

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