chapter 2 mcq cards

Question 1

Type 2 diabetes is primarily caused by:

Answer 1

B) Insulin resistance

Question 2

Diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency or insensitivity to:

Answer 2

C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 3

The pineal gland produces which hormone?

Answer 3

B) Melatonin

Question 4

Melatonin helps regulate:

Answer 4

B) Circadian rhythms

Question 5

Which hormone is released by the heart in response to high blood pressure?

Answer 5

B) Natriuretic peptide

Question 6

Which hormone is released by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production?

Answer 6

B) Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 7

Adipose tissue produces which hormone to help regulate appetite?

Answer 7

B) Leptin

Question 8

The thymus gland produces __________, which is important for immune function.

Answer 8

B) Thymosin

Question 9

The hormone calcitriol, produced by the kidneys, aids in the absorption of:

Answer 9

B) Calcium

Question 10

The hypothalamus exerts direct control over which part of the adrenal gland?

Answer 10

B) Adrenal medulla

Question 11

The adrenal medulla produces hormones classified as:

Answer 11

B) Catecholamines

Question 12

What is the primary function of glucocorticoids like cortisol?

Answer 12

B) Regulate stress responses and glucose metabolism

Question 13

The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces small amounts of:

Answer 13

C) Androgens

Question 14

A congenital adrenal disorder that results in excessive androgen production is called:

Answer 14

B) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

Question 15

Which hormone is produced by the stomach to stimulate digestion?

Answer 15

B) Gastrin

Question 16

Which of the following organs has secondary endocrine functions?

Answer 16

D) All of the above

Question 18

Which system works alongside the endocrine system to regulate bodily processes?

Answer 18

B) Nervous system

Question 19

Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system is characterized by responses that are:

Answer 19

B) Slower and longer-lasting

Question 20

What type of signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream?

Answer 20

C) Endocrine

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a major class of hormones?

Answer 21

D) Nucleic acid

Question 22

Steroid hormones are derived from which molecule?

Answer 22

A) Cholesterol

Question 23

Water-soluble hormones circulate freely in:

Answer 23

B) Blood plasma

Question 24

Lipid-soluble hormones require what for transport in the bloodstream?

Answer 24

B) Special carrier proteins

Question 25

The presence or absence of a __________ determines hormonal sensitivity of a cell.

Answer 25

B) Receptor

Question 26

Down-regulation of hormone receptors leads to:

Answer 26

B) Decreased receptor numbers

Question 27

The pituitary gland is also known as the:

Answer 27

C) Hypophysis

Question 28

The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus by the:

Answer 28

A) Infundibulum

Question 29

The posterior pituitary releases which two hormones?

Answer 29

B) ADH and oxytocin

Question 30

ADH increases water reabsorption in the:

Answer 30

B) Kidneys

Question 31

The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary by releasing:

Answer 31

C) Releasing and inhibiting hormones

Question 32

Growth hormone (GH) is inhibited by:

Answer 32

B) Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)

Question 33

GH hypersecretion after puberty leads to:

Answer 33

C) Acromegaly

Question 34

Which two hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?

Answer 34

A) T3 and T4

Question 35

A deficiency of iodine can lead to:

Answer 35

B) Goiter

Question 36

Which disease is caused by hypersecretion of thyroid hormones?

Answer 36

C) Graves’ disease

Question 37

The thyroid gland also produces __________, which lowers blood calcium levels.

Answer 37

C) Calcitonin

Question 38

The parathyroid glands secrete __________ to increase blood calcium levels.

Answer 38

B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 39

The adrenal glands are located on top of the:

Answer 39

B) Kidneys

Question 40

The adrenal cortex produces which type of hormones?

Answer 40

B) Corticosteroids

Question 41

The adrenal medulla releases:

Answer 41

B) Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 42

The zona glomerulosa produces which hormone?

Answer 42

B) Aldosterone

Question 43

The pancreas has both __________ and __________ functions.

Answer 43

A) Endocrine; Exocrine

Question 44

Pancreatic alpha cells produce:

Answer 44

B) Glucagon

Question 45

Pancreatic beta cells produce:

Answer 45

B) Insulin

Question 46

Type 1 diabetes is caused by:

Answer 46

B) Autoimmune destruction of beta cells