chapter 3 fitb cards

Question 1

Male and female reproductive organs produce and store specialized reproductive cells called __________.

Answer 1

gametes

Question 2

The organs that produce gametes and hormones are called __________.

Answer 2

gonads

Question 3

Female gonads are called __________, while male gonads are called __________.

Answer 3

ovaries, testes

Question 4

The male testes produce __________ per day.

Answer 4

500 million sperm

Question 5

The scrotum contains the __________, which require a temperature about 1°C lower than body temperature for sperm development.

Answer 5

testes

Question 6

The muscle that tenses the scrotum and pulls the testes closer to the body when cold is the __________.

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Answer 6

cremaster muscle

Question 7

The tightly coiled structures within the testes where sperm production occurs are called __________.

Answer 7

seminiferous tubules

Question 8

The cells that support and help sperm mature inside the seminiferous tubules are called __________.

Answer 8

nurse (Sertoli) cells

Question 9

The cells that produce testosterone in the testes are called __________.

Answer 9

interstitial (Leydig) cells

Question 10

After leaving the testes, sperm move into the __________, where they complete maturation.

Answer 10

epididymis

Question 11

The structure that transports sperm from the epididymis and can store them for several months is the __________.

Answer 11

ductus (vas) deferens

Question 12

The final duct shared by the male reproductive and urinary systems is the __________.

Answer 12

urethra

Question 13

The three male accessory glands that secrete fluids into the reproductive tract are the __________, __________, and __________.

Answer 13

seminal glands, prostate gland, bulbo-urethral glands

Question 14

The hormone that stimulates the production of testosterone is __________.

Answer 14

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 15

The hormone that stimulates nurse (Sertoli) cells to aid in sperm maturation is __________.

Answer 15

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 16

The fusion of a male and female gamete produces a single cell called a __________.

Answer 16

zygote

Question 17

The female reproductive system produces two main hormones: __________ and __________.

Answer 17

estradiol (E2), progesterone

Question 18

The passageway where fertilization of the oocyte usually occurs is the __________.

Answer 18

uterine (fallopian) tubes

Question 19

The thick, muscular organ where a fertilized embryo implants and develops is the __________.

Answer 19

uterus

Question 20

The two main layers of the uterus are the __________ and the __________.

Answer 20

myometrium, endometrium

Question 21

The inferior portion of the uterus that connects to the vagina is called the __________.

Answer 21

cervix

Question 22

The elastic, muscular tube that receives sperm and serves as the birth canal is the __________.

Answer 22

vagina

Question 23

The external female genitalia include the __________, __________, and __________.

Answer 23

labia minora, labia majora, clitoris

Question 24

The female erectile structure homologous to the penis is the __________.

Answer 24

clitoris

Question 25

The gland responsible for milk production in females is the __________.

Answer 25

mammary gland

Question 26

The hormone that stimulates milk production is __________.

Answer 26

prolactin

Question 27

The hormone that stimulates milk ejection during breastfeeding is __________.

Answer 27

oxytocin

Question 28

The production of female gametes (oocytes) is called __________.

Answer 28

oogenesis

Question 29

The ovarian cycle consists of two phases: the __________ phase and the __________ phase.

Answer 29

follicular, luteal

Question 30

The hormone that triggers ovulation is __________.

Answer 30

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 31

The structure that forms from the ruptured follicle after ovulation is the __________.

Answer 31

corpus luteum

Question 32

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates into the __________.

Answer 32

corpus albicans

Question 33

The uterine cycle consists of three phases: the __________ phase, the __________ phase, and the __________ phase.

Answer 33

menstrual, proliferative, secretory

Question 34

The first menstrual cycle that marks puberty in females is called __________.

Answer 34

menarche

Question 35

The permanent cessation of menstrual cycles is called __________.

Answer 35

menopause

Question 36

The hormone secreted by the placenta that maintains the corpus luteum during early pregnancy is __________.

Answer 36

chorionic gonadotropin (CG)

Question 37

The primary male sex hormone is __________.

Answer 37

testosterone

Question 38

The process of sperm production in the testes is called __________.

Answer 38

spermatogenesis

Question 39

The hormone that is converted from testosterone and required for the masculinization of external genitalia is __________.

Answer 39

dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Question 40

The autonomic nervous system regulates sexual arousal in both males and females. The __________ system is responsible for increasing blood flow to erectile tissues.

Answer 40

parasympathetic

Question 41

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for __________ in males and __________ in females.

Answer 41

ejaculation, orgasm

Question 42

The inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse is called __________.

Answer 42

infertility

Question 43

The absence of menstruation is called __________.

Answer 43

amenorrhea

Question 44

During pregnancy, the placenta secretes increasing amounts of __________ and __________ to maintain the endometrium.

Answer 44

estrogen, progesterone

Question 45

The hormone that increases sexual drive in both males and females is __________.

Answer 45

testosterone

Question 46

The structure responsible for transporting sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct is the __________.

Answer 46

ductus (vas) deferens

Question 47

The release of a secondary oocyte from the ovary is called __________.

Answer 47

ovulation

Question 48

The hormone primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy by preparing the uterus is __________.

Answer 48

progesterone

Question 49

The condition in which the testes fail to descend into the scrotum during fetal development is called __________.

Answer 49

cryptorchidism

Question 50

The phase of the uterine cycle during which the endometrium thickens in preparation for implantation is the __________ phase.

Answer 50

proliferative