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PT100 Study > Chapter 2: Medical Word Elements and Suffixes > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Medical Word Elements and Suffixes Flashcards

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1
Q

Word Root (WR)

A

main stem, or primary meaning of the word

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2
Q

Suffixes

A

a word part that comes at the end of the medical term

Tip: Suffixes ALWAYS change the meaning of the term

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3
Q

Prefixes

A

a word part that comes at the beginning of the medical term

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4
Q

Word Root (WR) + Combining Vowel (CV) =

A

Combined Form (CF)

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5
Q

Definition: Combining Forms

A

created by joining a word root to a combining vowel.

Combining vowel is not always necessary, is o in nearly all cases, with a few exceptions

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6
Q

Emphasis on combining vowel

A

emphasis nearly always shifts to syllable containing the combining vowel, when an o, also changes to a short “ah” sound.

ex: thermometer

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7
Q

When is a combining vowel not needed?

A

When the next word part begins iwth a vowel (a, e, i, o, u).

ex. arthr (meaning joint) combined with suffix -itis (meaning inflammation).

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8
Q

Three Simple Steps to Deciphering Medical Terms

A
  1. Translate the LAST word part first (suffix)
  2. Translate the FIRST word part next (prefix)
  3. Translate the FOLLOWING word parts in order (F)

Legal Form Method
Writing your name: last, first, middle

SPF - sunscreen method
Suffix
Prefix
Following

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9
Q

Pathology Terms

A

refer to diseases and disorders of all body systems. Requires study and memorization.

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10
Q

Pronunciation Guide: ae and oe

A

pronounce only the E

ex. Pleurae (PLOO-rē)

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11
Q

Pronunciation Guide: -es

A

when located at the end of a word, may be pronounced as a separate syllable

ex. nares (NĀR-ēz)

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12
Q

Pronunciation Guide: g and c (two ways)

A
  1. pronounce as j and s before e, i, and y

ex. generic (jĕ-NĔ R-ĭk), gelatin (JĔL-ă-tĭn), cycle (SĪ-kĭl), cytology (sī-TŎ-lō-jē)

Rhyming: e, i, and y rhyme, while a, o, and u do not.
e, i, y; rhymes; juicy, softy

  1. pronounce as g and k before other letters

ex. gait (gāt), gastric (GĂS-trĭk), caffeine (kă-FĒN), calcium (KĂL-sē-ŭm)

Tip: guh, kuh; harder consonants.
a, o, u; hard; ga go goo, ka, ko, koo

???

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13
Q

Pronunciation Guide: -i

A

when located at the end of a word, generally indicates a plural; pronounce as ī or ē

ex. alveoli (ăl-VĒ-ō-lī) bronchi (BRŎNG-kī)

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14
Q

Pronunciation Guide: pn-

A

pronounce only the n

ex. pneumonia (nū-MŌ-nē-ă), pneumatic (nū-MĂT-ĭk)

tip: ignore the p

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15
Q

Pronunciation Guide: ps-

A

pronounce only the s

ex. pneumonia (nū-MŌ-nē-ă), pneumatic (nū-MĂT-ĭk)

tip: ignore the p

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16
Q

Suffixes that Indicate Medical Specialty

-iatrics, -iatry

ī-ă -trĭks, ī-ă-trē

A

Meaning: Field of Medicine

tip:
iatrics and iatry (field of medicine) relate to -iatrist, -ician, -ist (specialist)

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17
Q

Suffixes that Indicate Medical Specialty

-iatrist, -ician, -ist

ī-ă-trĭst, ĭ-shŭn, ĭst

A

Meaning: Specialist

tip:
iatrics and iatry (field of medicine) relate to -iatrist, -ician, -ist (specialist)

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18
Q

Suffixes that Indicate Medical Specialty

-logist, -ologist

lō-jĭst, ŏl-ō-jĭst

A

Meaning: Specialist in the study of

Tip:
-logy, -ology (study of) relates to -logist, -ologist (specialisty in the study of)

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19
Q

Suffixes that Indicate Medical Specialty

-logy, -ology

lō-jē, ŏl-ō-jē

A

Meaning: study of

Tip:
-logy, -ology (study of) relates to -logist, -ologist (specialisty in the study of)

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20
Q

SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SURGERIES, PROCEDURES, OR TREATMENTS

-centesis

sĕn-tē-sĭs

A

surgical puncture

Tip: Centesis; spiky centipede stabby puncture feet?

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21
Q

SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SURGERIES, PROCEDURES, OR TREATMENTS

-cidal, -cide

sī-dăl, sīd

A

destroying, killing

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22
Q

SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SURGERIES, PROCEDURES, OR TREATMENTS

-desis

dē-sĭs

A

surgical fixation of bone or joint, binding, tying together

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23
Q

SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SURGERIES, PROCEDURES, OR TREATMENTS

-dilation

dī-lă-shŭn

A

widening, stretching, expanding

Tip: pupil dilation

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24
Q

SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SURGERIES, PROCEDURES, OR TREATMENTS

-ectomy

ĕk-tō-mē

A

excision, surgical removal

Tip: ectomy, excision

Tip: different from -tomy (meaning cutting into, incision)

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25
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SURGERIES, PROCEDURES, OR TREATMENTS -graphy gră-fē
process of recording Tip: photo*graphy*
26
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SURGERIES, PROCEDURES, OR TREATMENTS -metry mĕ-trē
measurement Tip: *me*try; *me*asure
27
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SURGERIES, PROCEDURES, OR TREATMENTS -pexy pĕk-sē
surgical fixation TIP pe*x*y = surgical fi*x*ation
28
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SURGERIES, PROCEDURES, OR TREATMENTS -plasty plăs-tē
surgical repair
29
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SURGERIES, PROCEDURES, OR TREATMENTS -rrhaphy ră-fē
suture, suturing
30
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SURGERIES, PROCEDURES, OR TREATMENTS -scopy skō-pē
visual examination
31
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SURGERIES, PROCEDURES, OR TREATMENTS -therapy thĕr-ă-pē
treatment
32
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SURGERIES, PROCEDURES, OR TREATMENTS -tomy tō-mē
cutting into, incision Tip: different from -ectomy (meaning excision, surgical removal)
33
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SURGERIES, PROCEDURES, OR TREATMENTS -tripsy trĭp-sē
crushing tip: trip and crush
34
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SENSORY EXPERIENCE, SENSATION, OR SUBJECTIVE FEELING -acusia, -acusis, -cusis ă-koo-zē-ă, ă-koo-sĭs, koo-sĭs
hearing TIP AAC Hearing ac idk TIP: acusia, acusis, cusis = accusation = hearing accusations ??
35
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SENSORY EXPERIENCE, SENSATION, OR SUBJECTIVE FEELING -algesia, -algesic, -algia, -dynia ăl-jē-zē-ă, ăl-jē-z ĭk, ăl-jē-ă, dĭ-nē-ă
pain Tip: AAAD Ads are pain idk asdfs
36
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SENSORY EXPERIENCE, SENSATION, OR SUBJECTIVE FEELING -dipsia dĭp-sē-ă
thirst Tip: dip into water to drink, thirst
37
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SENSORY EXPERIENCE, SENSATION, OR SUBJECTIVE FEELING -esthesia ĕs-thē-zē-ă
sensation TIP: synesthesia esthesia = sensation phoria = feeling // f = f vs esthesia = sensation // es = s
38
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SENSORY EXPERIENCE, SENSATION, OR SUBJECTIVE FEELING -opia, -opsia, -opsis, -opsy ō-pē-ă, ōp-sē-ă, ŏp-sĭs, ŏp-sē
vision, view of TIP: O O O O Four eyes, glasses, eyes
39
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SENSORY EXPERIENCE, SENSATION, OR SUBJECTIVE FEELING -osmia ŏz-mē-ă
smell, odor Tip: Anosmia, lack of smell, nos like nose
40
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SENSORY EXPERIENCE, SENSATION, OR SUBJECTIVE FEELING -phobia fō-bē-ă
fear
41
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE SENSORY EXPERIENCE, SENSATION, OR SUBJECTIVE FEELING -phoria fō-rē-ă
feeling Tip: Euphoria phoria = feeling // f = f vs esthesia = sensation // es = s
42
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE ACTION OR MOVEMENT -clasis, -clast klăs-ĭs, klăst
to break
43
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE ACTION OR MOVEMENT -ectasis ĕk-tă-sĭs
dilation, expansion TIP *Ec*tasis - *ec*static - eyes dilate when excited ??
44
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE ACTION OR MOVEMENT -emesis ĕm-ĕ-sĭs
vomiting
45
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE ACTION OR MOVEMENT -gen, -genesis, -genic, -genous jĕn, jĕn-ĕ-sĭs, jĕn-ĭk, jēn-ŭs
creating, producing
46
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE ACTION OR MOVEMENT -kinesia, -kinesis kĭ-nē-zē-ă, kĭ-nē-sĭs
movement
47
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE ACTION OR MOVEMENT -lysis lĭ-sĭs
destruction TIP Hydrolysis = the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water // destruction of a compound due to water // water destruction
48
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE ACTION OR MOVEMENT -pause, -stasis pawz, stă-sĭs
cessation, stopping
49
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE ACTION OR MOVEMENT -phage, -phagia fāj, fā-jē-ă
eating, swallowing TIP: pha*g*e, pha*g*ia, gut, eating, swallowing
50
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE ACTION OR MOVEMENT -phasia fā-zē-ă
speech TIP: pha*s*ia, *s*peak
51
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE ACTION OR MOVEMENT -rrhage, -rrhagia rĭj, ră-jē-ă
bursting forth TIP rrage, rrhagia = rage = bursting forth hemorrhage blood bursting forth
52
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE ACTION OR MOVEMENT -rrhea rē-ă
flow, discharge TIP diarrhea - flow, discharge
53
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE ACTION OR MOVEMENT -rrhexis rĕk-sĭs
rupture rrhexis = wreck = rupture
54
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE ACTION OR MOVEMENT -spasm spă-zŭm
sudden involuntary contraction
55
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE ACTION OR MOVEMENT -uresis ū-rē-sĭs
urination TIP -*ur*esis = *ur*ination
56
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -cele sēl
hernia
57
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -constriction kŏn-strĭk-shŭn
narrowing
58
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -cytosis sī-tō -sĭs
a condition of cells
59
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -derma dĕr-mă
skin
60
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -edema ĕ-dē-mă
swelling
61
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -emia ē-mē-ă
a condition of the blood tip: hypoglyc*emia*
62
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -gravida gră-vĭ-dă
pregnant woman TIP: snake discovery, gravid snakes, pregernant
63
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -ia, -ism ē-ă, ĭz-ŭm
condition
64
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -iasis ī-ă-sĭs
pathological condition or state
65
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -itis ī-tĭs
inflammation TIP: arthr-*itis*
66
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -lepsy, -leptic lĕp-sē, lĕp-tĭk
seizure TIP; epelepsy, epeletic
67
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -lith lĭth
stone TIP: tonsillolith, tonsil stones
68
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -malacia mă-lā-sē-ă
softening
69
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -megaly mĕg-ă-lē
Enlargement TIP Megaly = mega = lorg
70
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -necrosis nĕ-krō-sĭs
tissue death
71
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -oid oyd
resembling
72
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -oma ō-mă
tumor TIP: melanoma
73
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -osis ō-sĭs
abnormal condition
74
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -oxia ŏk-sē-ă
oxygen TIP: *ox*ia = *ox*ygen
75
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -paresis pă-rē-sĭs
slight or partial paralysis
76
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -partum, -tocia părt-ŭm, tō-sē-ă
childbirth, labor
77
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -pathy pă-thē
disease
78
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -penia PĒ-nē-ă
deficiency
79
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -pepsia pĕp-sē-ă
digestion TIP: pepsi = pepsia = digestion
80
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -phonia fō-nē-ă
voice TIP: phone = phonia = voice
81
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -plasia, -plasm plā-zē-ă, plăz-ŭm
Formation, growth TIP association -plasia, -plasm = formation growth -plastic = pertaining to formation or growth
82
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -plastic plăs-tĭk
pertaining to formation or growth TIP association -plasia, -plasm = formation growth -plastic = pertaining to formation or growth
83
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -plegia plē-jē-ă
paralysis TIP: paraplegia Association: -plegia = paralysis -plegic = pertaining to paralysis
84
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -plegic plē-jĭk
pertaining to paralysis TIP: paraplegic Association: -plegia = paralysis -plegic = pertaining to paralysis
85
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -pnea nē-ă
breathing TIP Sleep apnea = pnea = breathing association -pnea = breathing -pneic = pertaining to breathing
86
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -pneic nē-ĭk
pertaining to breathing association -pnea = breathing -pneic = pertaining to breathing
87
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -ptosis tō-sĭs
drooping, prolapse TIP PTOSIS= toes = low on body = drooping P t = prolapse
88
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -salpinx săl-pĭnks
uterine (fallopian) tube TIP ummm Pinx = pinks = stereotypical color for girls = uterine (fallopian) tube (I am struggling
89
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -sclerosis sklē-rō-sĭs
hardening
90
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -static stă-tĭk
not in motion, at rest
91
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -stenosis stĕ-nō-sĭs
narrowing, stricture
92
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -thorax thōr-ăks
chest
93
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -trophy trō-fē
nourishment, growth
94
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE DISEASES, DISORDERS, OR CONDITIONS -uria ū-rē-ă
urine
95
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE INSTRUMENTS -graph grăf
recording instrument
96
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE INSTRUMENTS -meter mĕ-tĕr
measuring instrument
97
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE INSTRUMENTS -scope skōp
viewing instrument
98
SUFFIXES THAT INDICATE INSTRUMENTS -tome tōm
cutting instrument
99
SUFFIXES THAT MEAN “PERTAINING TO”
-ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -eal, ăk, ăl, ăr, ār-ē, ē-ăl, ***   -ial, -ic, -ical, -ory, -ous, ē-ăl, ĭk, ĭ-kăl, ō-rē, ŭs ***     -tic*, -tous* tĭk, tŭs
100
OTHER SUFFIXES -cyte, -cytic sīt, sīt-ĭk
cell
101
OTHER SUFFIXES -gram grăm
record
102
OTHER SUFFIXES -ole, -ule ōl, ūl
small TIP: molecule ?? smol ??
103
OTHER SUFFIXES -prandial pran-dē-ăl
meal
104
OTHER SUFFIXES -stomy stō-mē
mouthlike opening TIP tracheostomy
105
PLURAL ENDINGS Singular form -a Singular Example Vertebra
RULE: retain -a and add -e Plural Form -ae Plural Example Vertebrae
106
PLURAL ENDINGS Singular Form -ax Singular Example Thorax
RULE: drop the -x and add -ces Plural Form -aces Plural Example thoraces
107
PLURAL ENDINGS Singular Form -is Singular Example diagnosis
RULE: drop the -is and add -es Plural Form -es Plural Example diagnoses
108
PLURAL ENDINGS Singular Form -ix, -ex Singular Example appendix
RULE: drop the -ix or -ex and add -ices Plural Form -ices Plural Example appendices
109
PLURAL ENDINGS Singular Form -um Singular Example -diverticulum
RULE: drop the -um and add -a Plural Form -a Plural Example diverticula
110
PLURAL ENDINGS Singular Form -us Singular Example Thrombus
RULE: drop the -us and add -i Plural form -i Plural Example thrombi
111
PLURAL ENDINGS Singular Form -y Singular Example ovary
RULE: drop the -y and add -ies Plural Form -ies Plural Example ovaries

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