Chapter 5: Nervous System Flashcards

Question

-tomy

Answer 1

cutting into, incision

Answer 2

the state of dynamic equilibrium in the internal environment of the body

Answer 3

central nervous system (CNS) peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 4

Central Nervous System brain and spinal cord where data storage and information processing occurs

Answer 5

peripheral nervous system located outside of, or peripheral to, the CNS and includes the nerves in the arms and legs.

Answer 6

nerve cell all have cell body, axon, and dendrites

Answer 7

houses all of the microscopic structures that keep the cell energized and functioning

Answer 8

resemble the branches of a tree, are responsible for receiving information from the internal and external environment and bringing this information to the cell body.

Answer 9

sends electrical impulses and transmits signals to other cells

Answer 10

special protective layer around the axon

Answer 11

cerebrum cerebellum brainstem

Answer 12

largest portion of the brain divided into two hemispheres called left and right brain connected by corpus callosum

Answer 13

connects the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum

Answer 14

surface of cerebrum characterized by deep folds and shallow grooves, increases surface area and maximizes function

Answer 15

specialized support cells that carry nutrients to the neurons

Answer 16

Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital FTPO Each of these areas is responsible for specific functions such as sensory perception, movement, emotions, memory, and behavior.

Answer 17

"little brain" inferior and posterior to the rest of the brain size of fist, shaped like a walnut. It also has folds and grooves, similar to the cerebrum. It is responsible for posture, balance, and coordination.

Answer 18

anterior to the cerebellum includes medulla oblongata and the pons an essential pathway that conducts impulses between the brain and spinal cord and controls autonomic functions, such as breathing.

Answer 19

hard bones of the skull

Answer 20

extends from the base of the brain down to the second lumbar vertebra and is surrounded and protected by the vertebral column. It is divided into sections that correspond to the vertebrae and paired spinal nerves.

Answer 21

GOING to the brain FROM the rest of the body

Answer 22

COMING from the brain TO the rest of hte body

Answer 23

most commonly caused by falls, being hit by an object, or by motor vehicle accidents . Survivors can have impairments that may last for a few days or for the rest of their lives.

Answer 24

may cause problems with decision making, problem solving, behavior, and self-control.

Answer 25

may cause problems with balance and coordination

Answer 26

three membranes that protect both the brain and spinal cord provide structure for many small blood vessels ont eh brain's surface house cerebrospinal fluid that continuously circulates and provides cushion against injury from impact and sudden movement.

Answer 27

31 pairs of spinal nerves 12 cranial nerves and nerves in the arms and legs almost all are part sensory and part motor, while some cranial nerves are only one or hte other.

Answer 28

gather information from the skin, the muscles, and the joints. sensations such as temperature, touch, pressure, movement sense, position sense, and pain

Answer 29

control body movement. may be a conscious one,t hat prompts you to action, such as putting on a coat if you are cold or unconscious, such as reflexively lifting up your foot if you step on something sharp

Answer 30

areas of the skin associated with specific spinal nerve roots (dermatome has two meanings. a dermatome is also a su rgical instrument that produces thin slices of skin))

Answer 31

groups of muscles associated with specific spinal nerve roots

Answer 32

when injuries such as compression of a spinal nerve root are felt along the associated dermatome rather than at the actual site of injury. feeling numbness or tingling in your arms or legs rather than your neck or back. injury to spinal nerve roots may cause muscle weakness in a group of muscles away from teh site of injury.

Answer 33

Autonomic Nervous System part of hte PNS controls involuntary functions consists of motor nerves to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands such as sweat glands and salivary glands. divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems TIP autonomic = automatic

Answer 34

responsible for survival response known as fight-or-flight increased heart rate and force, increased blood pressure and glucose levels, bronchodilation, and decreased intestinal peristalsis. provide body with increased energy and oxygen while slowing some functions (such as digestion)) which are less important at the time

Answer 35

creates opposite response as above, calms body down, dominates during nonstressful times includes decreased heart rate, bronchoconstriction, and increased peristalsis

Answer 36

head ex: cephalalgia (sĕf-ă-LĂL-jē-ă) pain of the head

Answer 37

cerebellum ex: cerebellitis (sĕr-ĕ-bĕ-LĪT-ĭs) inflammation of the cerebellum

Answer 38

brain ex: cerebrovascular (sĕ-rĕ-brō-VĂS-kŭ-lăr) pertaining to the brain and vessels

Answer 39

brain ex: encephalocele (ĕn-SĔF ă-lō-sēl) hernia of the brain

Answer 40

ganglion ex: ganglioma (găng-glē-Ō-mă) tumor of a ganglion

Answer 41

glue, gluelike ex: glioma (gl ī-Ō-mă) gluelike tumor TIP: *gl*i/o = *gl*ue

Answer 42

word, phrase ex: dyslexia (dĭs-LĔK-sē ă) bad, painful, or difficult words or phrases

Answer 43

meninges ex: meningitis (mĕn-ĭn-JĪT-ĭs) inflammation of the meninges

Answer 44

meninges ex: meningioma (mĕ-nĭn-JĒ-ō-mă) tumor of the meninges

Answer 45

spinal cord, bone marrow ex: myelography (mĭ-ĕ-LŌG-ră-fē) process of recording the spinal cord or bone marrow

Answer 46

sleep, stupor ex: narcolepsy (NĂR-kō-lĕp-sē) seizure of sleep or stupor

Answer 47

nerve ex: neurocytoma (nūr-ō-sī-TŌ-mă) tumor of a nerve cell

Answer 48

speech ex: aphasia (ă-FĀ-zē-ă) absence of speech

Answer 49

mind ex: psychiatry (sī-KĪ-ă-trē) field of medicine of the mind

Answer 50

nerve root ex: radiculopathy (ră-dĭ-kū-LŎ-pă-thē) disease of a nerve root

Answer 51

spine ex: spinal stenosis (SPĪ-năl stĕ-NŌ-sĭs) abnormal condition of narrowing or stricture of the spinal cord

Answer 52

strength ex: myasthenia (mī-ăs-THĒ-nē-ă) condition of absence of muscle strength

Answer 53

thalamus ex: thalamotomy (thăl-ă-MŎT-ō-mē) cutting into or incision of the thalamus

Answer 54

tension, tone ex: tonometer (tō-NŎM-ĕt-ĕr) measuring instrument for tension

Answer 55

ventricle ex: ventriculoscopy (vĕn-trĭk-ū-LŎS-kō-pē) visual examination of a ventricle

Answer 56

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Answer 57

level of consciousness, loss of consciousness

Answer 58

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease)

Answer 59

Lumbar Puncture

Answer 60

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 61

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Answer 62

Central Nervous System

Answer 63

Motor Vehicle Accident

Answer 64

cerebral Palsy

Answer 65

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 66

CerebroSpinal Fluid

Answer 67

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Answer 68

Computed Tomography

Answer 69

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 70

CerebroVascular Accident

Answer 71

Spinal Cord Injury

Answer 72

ElectroEncephaloGraphy

Answer 73

Traumatic Brain Injury

Answer 74

ElectroMyoGram

Answer 75

Transient Global Amnesia

Answer 76

Guillan-Barré syndrome

Answer 77

Transient Ischemic Attack

Answer 78

IntraCranial Pressure

Answer 79

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Answer 80

form of chronic, progressive dementia caused by the atrophy of brain tissue

Answer 81

chronic, progressive, degenerative neuromuscular disorder that destroys motor neurons of the body; also called Lou Gehrig’s disease

Answer 82

form of facial paralysis, usually unilateral and temporary; also known as facial palsy

Answer 83

collection of pus anywhere within the brain

Answer 84

vague term referring to a brief loss of consciousness or brief episode of disorientation or confusion following a head injury

Answer 85

bruising of brain tissue

Answer 86

group of motor-impairment syndromes caused by lesions or abnormalities of the brain arising in the early stages of development

Answer 87

damage or death of brain tissue caused by interruption of blood supply due to a clot or vessel rupture; also known as stroke

Answer 88

acute, reversible state of agitated confusion, marked by disorientation, hallucinations, or delusions

Answer 89

progressive neurological disorder, with numerous causes, in which an individual suffers an irreversible decline in cognition due to disease or brain damage; sometimes called senility

Answer 90

mood disorder marked by loss of interest or pleasure in living

Answer 91

inflammation of the brain; often combined with meningitis and then called encephalomeningitis

Answer 92

collection of blood between the dura mater and the skull

Answer 93

chronic disorder of the brain marked by recurrent seizures, which are repetitive abnormal electrical discharges within the brain

Answer 94

acute inflammatory disorder that causes rapidly progressing paralysis (which is usually temporary) and sometimes also sensory symptoms; also known as inflammatory polyneuropathy and acute infective polyneuritis. A variant of GBS is Miller Fisher Syndrome.

Answer 95

hereditary, progressive, degenerative nervous disorder that leads to bizarre, involuntary movements and dementia; also called Huntington chorea

Answer 96

infection and inflammation of the meninges, the spinal cord, and CSF, usually caused by an infectious illness; often combined with encephalitis and then called encephalomeningitis

Answer 97

familial disorder marked by episodes of severe throbbing headache that is commonly unilateral and sometimes disabling

Answer 98

disease involving progressive myelin degeneration, which results in loss of muscle strength and coordination

Answer 99

incomplete closure of the spinal canal, which may allow protrusion of the spinal cord and meninges at birth, leading to paralysis; also known as spina bifida

Answer 100

progressive, degenerative disorder that results in tremors, gait changes, and occasionally dementia. Parkinsonism is a condition that resembles Parkinson’s disease. It has a different cause, such as medications, and symptoms can stabilize or improve.

Answer 101

dysfunction of nerves that transmit information to and from the brain and spinal cord, characterized by pain, altered sensation, and muscle weakness

Answer 102

inflammation of the spinal cord, caused by a virus, which may result in spinal and muscular deformity and paralysis

Answer 103

serious disease associated with aspirin use by children with viral illnesses, which may result in permanent brain damage or even death

Answer 104

pain, numbness, weakness, or tingling that is felt from the lower back along the pathway of the sciatic nerve into the legs

Answer 105

unilateral painful vesicles occurring on the upper body, caused by the herpes varicella zoster virus; also called herpes zoster or zona

Answer 106

traumatic bruising, crushing, or tearing of the spinal cord

Answer 107

narrowing of an area of the spine that puts pressure on the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots

Answer 108

collection of blood between the dura and the arachnoid layer (middle or second layer of the meninges)

Answer 109

non-migraine headache in which pain is felt in all or part of the head

Answer 110

noncontagious illness marked by severe, prolonged spasm of skeletal muscle fibers; also known as lockjaw

Answer 111

rare disorder, not caused by a neurological event or injury, that causes sudden, temporary loss of recent memory

Answer 112

temporary strokelike symptoms caused by a brief interruption of blood supply to a part of the brain

Answer 113

injury to the brain following a blow to the head, commonly caused by a fall or motor vehicle accident

Answer 114

neurological disorder that causes severe, episodic facial pain along the pathway of the fifth cranial (trigeminal) nerve; also called tic douloureux

Answer 115

Analysis of CSF for blood, bacteria, and other abnormalities

Answer 116

Study of the brain and spinal cord using radiology and computer analysis

Answer 117

Study of electrical activity of the brain

Answer 118

Record of muscle activity from electrical stimulation

Answer 119

Puncture of subarachnoid layer at the fourth intervertebral space to obtain CSF for analysis

Answer 120

Use of an electromagnetic field and radio waves to create visual images on a computer screen

Answer 121

Radiography of the spinal cord and associated nerves after intrathecal injection (into the spinal canal) of a contrast medium